Clinical Psych Keyterms (2)

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The professional psychological organizationformed in 1988 when an academic-scientific contingent broke off from the APA.

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Association for Psychological Science (APS)

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A popular learning framework for treating disorders that is based on the principles of conditioning.

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Behavior Therapy

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An approach to understanding and changing behavior by identifying the context in which it occurs (the situations or stimuli that either precede it or follow from it).

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Behavioral Assessment

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Generally speaking, therapy of 15 or fewer sessions’ duration

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Brief Therapy

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A psychological specialty that focuses on the prevention and treatment of mental health problems, particularly among people who are traditionally underserved.

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Community Psychology

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Clinicians who employ the techniques of more than one theoretical orientation.

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Eclectics

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Causal; for example, an etiological factor for depression is believed to contribute to its onset.

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Etiological

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A term introduced by Charles Spearman to describe his concept of a general factor of intelligence.

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g

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Clinics devoted to the evalua- tion and treatment of children’s intellectual and behavioral difficulties.

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Guidance Clinics

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A psychological specialty that focuses on the prevention of illness, the promotion and maintenance of good health, and the psychological treatment of individuals with diagnosed medical conditions.

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Health Psychology

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Treatment that is presented and described in a manual format (i.e., outlining the rationales, goals, and techniques that correspond to each phase of the treatment).

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Manualized Treatment

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The use of tests to measure various mental capacities (e.g., the speed of mental processes, the ability to learn over trials).

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Measurement of Intelligence

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The term coined by James McKeen Cattell to describe his measures of individual differences in reaction time. He believed that performance on these tests was associated with intelligence.

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Mental Test

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An assessment approach—based on empirically established brain-behavior relationships that evaluates a person’s relative strengths and weaknesses across a number of areas (e.g., memory, speed of processing, and manual dexterity).

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Neuropsychological Assessment

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Psychological tests that draw conclusions about people’s states or traits on the basis of their responses to unambiguous stimuli, such as rating scales or questionnaire items.

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Objective Measures

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Enduring and maladaptive patterns of experience and behavior that emerge by adolescence or young adulthood and persist through much of adulthood.

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Personality Disorder

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The use of measures or techniques to provide insight into enduring characteristics or traits.

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Personality Testing

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A technique, derived from tradi- tional Freudian principles, that uses expressive play to help release anxiety or hostility. Proponents believe that such a release has a curative effect.

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Play Therapy

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Psychological testing techniques, such as the Rorschach or the Thematic Apperception Test, that use people’s responses to ambiguous test stimuli to make judgments about their personality traits or their psychological state.

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Projective Techniques

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A framework for understanding and treating mental illness based on the collaborative work of Breuer and Freud in the late 1800s.

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Psychoanalysis

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The use and interpretation ofpsychological test scores for the purposes of diagnosis and treatment planning.

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Psychodiagnosis

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Research that evaluatesthe effectiveness of therapy or certain therapy components.

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Psychotherapy Research

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A movement in psychology that began in the late 1950s and persisted through the 1960s

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Radical Behaviorism

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The principal model for clinical psychology training of the past 50 years (also referred to as the Boulder model).

This model strives to produce professionals who can effectively integrate the roles of scientist and practitioner.

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Scientist Practioner Model

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A class of assessment tools, all of which consist of questions keyed to diagnostic criteria. The term structured means that interviewers ask all interviewees the same questions in the same order and score the answers in standard ways.

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structured diagnostic interviews

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A behavioral technique for the treatment of anxiety disorders in which patients practice relaxation while visualizing anxiety-provoking situations of increasing intensity.

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Systematic Desensitization