Clinical Psych Exam 1 Chapter 4

Front 1

Criticisms of Psychoanalysis

Back 1

Sexually obsessed.

Sexist.  Penis envy and the inferiority of female superego

Racist.  Aimed at YAVIS client (YAVIS is the pneumonic for young, attractive, verbal, intelligent and successful) and based upon Freud's clients were mainly middle-class neurotics from Vienna who were not representative of the population locally or globally

Aimed at wealthy.  Very long treatment periods.
Only recently has therapy been available to everyone.
Simplistic. 
- Perhaps because of the difficulty in summarizing very complicated ideas.
Pessimistic view of the world. 
Freud saw people as foolish and weak and often self-deluded. The more empathic theories see people as basically good, but injured, and for a lot of us, this is easier to swallow. -Peter Kramer (1998)
Unscientific and untestable: can not replicate sessions, can not measure outcomes, very subjective

Front 2

Voices of Psychoanalysis

Back 2

Sigmund Freud
Anna Freud
Karen Horney
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Eric Erickson

Front 3

Psychoanalysis definition

Back 3

based on Freud's ideas, generally emphasizing the importance of the id and superego as well as sexual impulses

Front 4

Psychodynamic approaches

Back 4

Based on the ideas of Freud's followers, although often significantly diverging from Freud.
Often emphasizing the ego and impulses other than sex

Front 5

Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious

Back 5

dreams
slips of the tongue
posthypnotic suggestions
material derived from free-association
material derived from projective techniques
symbolic content of psychotic symptoms

Front 6

The ID

Back 6

The Demanding Child

ruled by the pleasure principle

Front 7

The EGO

Back 7

The Traffic Cop

ruled by the reality principle

Front 8

The SUPEREGO

Back 8

The Judge

ruled by the moral principle

Front 9

Anxiety (general definition)

Back 9

feeling of dread resulting from repressed feelings, memories, and desires

develops out of conflict among the id, ego, and superego to control pscyhic energy

Front 10

Reality Anxiety

Back 10

the most basic form, rooted in reality

fear of a dog bite, fear arising from an impending accident (ego based anxiety)

most common tension reduction method: removing oneself from the harmful situation

Front 11

Neurotic Anxiety

Back 11

Arises from an unconscious fear that the libidinal impulses of the ID will take control at an inopportune moment

Driven by a fear of punishment that will result from expressing the ID's desires without proper sublimation

Front 12

Moral Anxiety

Back 12

results from a fear of violating moral or societal codes, moral anxiety appears as guilt or shame

Front 13

Ego-defense mechanisms
(definition)

Back 13

normal behaviors which operate on an unconscious level and tend to deny or distort reality

help the individual to cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed

have adaptive value if they do not become a style of life to avoid facing reality

Front 14

Projection

Back 14

attribute to others qualities and actions that are unacceptable to yourself
(husband accuses wife of cheating)

Front 15

Denial

Back 15

when a problem is too threatening
(refusing to get treatment for cancer)

Front 16

Minimization

Back 16

used to turn a serious problem into a minor one
(battered wife says husband is not abusive because she hasn't broken any bones)

Front 17

Reaction formation

Back 17

denial of a certain desire while responding vehemently to opposing desire
(homophobia)

Front 18

Regression

Back 18

used when unable to cope and return to safer level of functioning
(5 year old with new baby sister starts to wet her pants)

Front 19

Intellectualization

Back 19

distancing yourself emotionally
(being raped and recalling details and facts of situation and not crying)

Front 20

Compensation

Back 20

uses strengths to make up for a difficulty
(getting involved in Big Brothers/Sisters since cannot have children)

Front 21

Displacement

Back 21

directing feeligns away from threat and onto someone safe
(husband yelling at wife instead of boss)

Front 22

Sublimation

Back 22

healthy, socially acceptable way to express psychological drives
(stuck in traffic and stressed so goes to gym)

Front 23

Oral Stage

Back 23

Dependency and trust

first year

related to later mistrust and rejection issues

Front 24

Anal Stage

Back 24

Shame and doubt

ages 1-3

related to later personal power issues

Front 25

Phallic Stage

Back 25

Superego formation, sexual identity

ages 3-6

related to later sexual attitudes

Front 26

Latency stage

Back 26

Learning new skills

ages 6-12

a time of socialization

Front 27

Genital Stage

Back 27

mature ways of interacting

ages 12-60

Sexual energies are invested in life

Front 28

Psychoanalytic techniques

Back 28

free association
client reports immediately without censoring any feelings or thoughts

interpretation
projective tests

dream analysis
"royal road to the unconscious"
latent (hidden meaning) and manifest (actual images) content

Front 29

Transference

Back 29

when a client projects feelings toward the therapist that more legitimately belong with certain important others

Freud said necessary in therapy in order to bring the repressed emotions that have been plaguing the client for so long, to the surface

Front 30

Countertransference

Back 30

the reaction of the therapist toward the client that may interfere with objectivity

Not always detrimental to therapeutic goals; can provide important means of understanding your client’s world
Countertransference reactions must be monitored so that they are used to promote understanding of the client and the therapeutic process

Front 31

Catharsis

Back 31

the sudden and dramatic outpouring of emotion that occurs when the trauma is resurrected

Front 32

Insight

Back 32

being aware of the source of the emotion, or the original traumatic event

the major portion of therapy is completed when catharsis and insight are experienced

what should have happened many years ago - because you were too little to deal with it, or under too many conflicting pressures - has now happened, and you are on your way to becoming a happier person

Front 33

Resistance

Back 33

anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the production of unconscious material

helps the client to see that canceling appointments, fleeing prematurely, etc, are ways of defending against anxiety
these acts interfere with the ability to accept changes which could lead to a more satisfying life

Front 34

Benefits of group work

Back 34

provides a rich framework for working through transference

different group members could come to represent different people in their lives
competition for attention of th leader provides opportunities to explore how members dealt with feelings of competition and how it affects their current interactions with others
projections experienced in group provide clues to a client's unresolved conflicts

Front 35

Limits of classical analysis

Back 35

may not be appropriate for all cultures or SES

deterministic (past) focus does not emphasize current maladaptive behaviors

minimizes role of the environment

requires subjective interpretation

relies heavily on client fantasy

lengthy treatment may not be practical or affordable for many clients