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305 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The bone that lines the tooth socket is referred to as
Lamina Propria Lamina Dura Trabecular Bone Radibular Bone Cancellous Bone |
Lamina Dura
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Which of the following cells are responsible for the synthesis of collagen?
Keratinocytes Mast cells Fibroblasts Plasma cells Lymphocytes |
Fibroblasts
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All of the following structures are composed of collagen EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Sulcular epithelium Principal fibers Gingival fibers Cementum Alveolar bone |
Sulcular Epithelium
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Which of the following structures represents the fusion of the interproximal junctional epithelia of two adjacent posterior teeth?
Fenestration Col Papilla Frenum Bone |
Col
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The alveolar crest is parallel to a line connecting the
cusp tip. root prominence. cementoenamel junctions. alveolar crest. periodontal ligament. |
Cementoenamel Junction
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Which of the following statements pertains to the function of the periodontal ligament fibers?
They support and give contour to the attached gingiva. They transmit occlusal forces to the bone. They protect the interproximal bone from inflammation They anchor the tooth to the gingival tissues. They attach the gingiva to the alveolar bone. |
They transmit occlusal forces to the bone.
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Which of the following definitions is correct for the junctional epithelium?
Connective tissue structure involved in the attachment of the gingiva to the tooth Connective tissue that functions to hold the gingiva against the tooth and bone Epithelial tissue contributing to the adherence of the soft tissue to the tooth Epithelial tissue functioning to protect the underlying oral structures and acting as a mechanical barrier |
Epithelial tissue contributing to the adherence of the soft tissue to the tooth
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Collagen has been found in many types of body tissue. In which of the following oral tissues is collagen NOT found?
Enamel Epithelium Bone Cementum |
Epithelium
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Which of the following periodontal ligament fibers is last to develop?
Oblique Horizontal Apical Circular Dentogingival |
Apical
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Which of the following definitions refers to Sharpey’s fibers?
Directly embedded into alveolar bone and cementum Running from alveolar bone and inserting into the cementum Originating from the crest of the interradicular bone and inserting into the furcation area Extending from the cementum into the free gingiva |
Directly embedded into alveolar bone and cementum
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Which of the following terms also refers to the dentogingival unit?
Junctional epithelium + gingival fibers Sulcular depth + sulcular epithelium Periodontal ligament + gingival fibers Periodontal ligament + biologic width |
Junctional epithelium + gingival fibers
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Which of the following fibers function to resist the forces of pulling out and tipping of a mandibular molar?
Interradicular Intraradibular Oblique Transseptal |
Interradicular
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Healthy gingival tissues are considered to be firm and resilient because the main component of the gingival connective tissue is about 60 percent collagen fibers.
Both statement and reason are correct. Both statement and reason are incorrect. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct. |
Both statement and reason are correct.
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All of the following are considered part of the attachment apparatus EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Oral epithelium Alveolar bone Periodontal ligament Cementum |
Oral epithelium
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Which of the following oral structures is considered to be a semipermeable membrane?
Oral epithelium Lamina propria Periodontal ligament Junctional epithelium Sulcular epithelium |
Junctional epithelium
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Which of the following structures is responsible for holding the free gingiva in close contact with the tooth?
Periodontal ligament fibers Circular fibers Lamina propria Oral epithelium |
Circular fibers
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Which of the following substances/cells is found in the gingival epithelium?
Keratin Collagen Fibroblasts Collagenase |
Keratin
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Which of the following features occurs with aging?
Increased cementum thickness Decreased cementum thickness Increased number of cells in the periodontal ligament Increased vascularity of connective tissue |
Increased cementum thickness
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Which of the following cells are responsible for synthesizing bone?
Osteoclasts Osteoblasts Fibroblasts Cementoblasts |
Osteoblasts
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Which of the following features is characteristic of cementum?
Contains many blood vessels Contains a good supply of nerves Periodontal ligament fibers attach to it Surface is hard |
Periodontal ligament fibers attach to it
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Which of the following sources represents where epidemiologic information about periodontal disease comes from?
Gallup poll Election poll Population survey Individual survey Phone survey |
Population survey
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The definition of extent of periodontal disease is
amount of periodontal disease involvement. rate of new cases occurring within a year. number of individuals in a population having the disease. number of diseased teeth or sites per individual. number of risk factors present in an individual. |
number of diseased teeth or sites per individual.
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Which of the following statements defines an index?
Numerical expression of values used to describe a condition Rate of old and new cases occurring within a year Number of individuals in a population presenting with the disease Number of diseased teeth or sites per individual Number of risk indicators present in an individual |
Numerical expression of values used to describe a condition
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All of the following indices are used in periodontics EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Bleeding Plaque Calculus Suppuration Gingival inflammation |
Suppuration
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The primary purpose of using an index in medicine/dentistry is to
standardize and reproduce data collected. make data collection more efficient. supplement clinical data with the patient’s medical history. formulate a surgical treatment plan. |
standardize and reproduce data collected.
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All of the following are criteria for using indices EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Ease of use Quick to perform Must have validity Has sensitivity Measures multiple items |
Measures multiple items
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Plaque indices are used in private practice to measure
oral cleanliness degree of tooth mobility. periodontal destruction. attachment loss. |
oral cleanliness
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Which of the following inflammation indices is used in national epidemiologic surveys, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1971–1974)?
Sulcus Bleeding Index (Mühlemann and Son 1971) Gingival Index (GI) (Löe 1967) Periodontal Index (PI) (Russell 1967) Calculus Index of the National Institute of Dental Research (Miller et al. 1987) Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) |
Periodontal Index (PI) (Russell 1967)
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Which of the following is measured using an index of periodontal destruction?
Total disease destruction Disease severity Risk factors for disease Degree of calculus and plaque Bleeding severity |
Disease severity
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Which of the following indices was previously used but later modified to the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) system?
Periodontal Index (PI) Gingival Index (GI) Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Index Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) |
Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN)
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The prevalence of advanced periodontitis in the population was found to be
5 percent. 10 percent. 15 percent. 35 percent. >50 percent. |
15 percent.
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When compared with earlier national surveys, gingivitis has declined in the United States because of increased awareness of oral hygiene as part of a daily personal hygiene routine.
Both statement and reason are correct. Both statement and reason are incorrect. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct |
Both statement and reason are correct.
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Which of the following statements was summarized from the NHANES III study?
Females had better periodontal health than males. Older individuals had more periodontal disease. Gingivitis was occurring in overall high rates. Aggressive periodontitis was very common. |
Females had better periodontal health than males.
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Which of the following studies is used to determine the natural progression of periodontal diseases?
Cross-sectional Longitudinal Split mouth Cross-over |
Longitudinal
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Which of the following factors is considered to be a risk indicator for periodontal disease?
Plaque Smoking Aging Diabetes mellitus |
Aging
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Which of the following statements is true about risk factors?
Their presence decreases the probability of getting the disease. They definitively cause the disease. They may not be causal. All are not modifiable. |
They may not be causal.
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The definition of prevalence is
the number of individuals in a population having the disease. the severity of periodontal disease involvement. the number of diseased teeth in an individual. the number of markers present. |
the number of individuals in a population having the disease.
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Which of the following statements is true about periodontitis when comparing the NHANES III study and the newer NHANES (1999-2000)?
Severity has increased. Prevalence has increased. Prevalence has decreased. Extent has increased. |
Prevalence has decreased.
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Comparing the NHANES III with the more recent NHANES, the percentage of bleeding has
decreased. increased double. increased triple. remained the same. |
decreased.
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The overall prevalence of periodontitis for the NHANES III was 7.3 percent, while for the NHANES 1999–2000 it was
1 percent. 2.5 percent. 4.2 percent. 10.3 percent. |
4.2 percent.
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Which of the following statements defines a biofilm?
Calcified collection of bacteria that is difficult to remove Loose collection of free-floating and attached bacteria An acellular opaque film covering the tooth surfaces Well-organized, cooperating community of bacteria |
Well-organized, cooperating community of bacteria
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It is difficult for locally applied antimicrobials to have an effect on oral biofilms because biofilms act as a protective barrier for the bacteria.
Both statement and reason are correct. Both statement and reason are incorrect. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct. |
Both statement and reason are correct.
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Which of the following pathogens is strongly associated with periodontal disease?
Porphyromonas gingivalis Treponema denticola Prevotella intermedia Capnocytophaga sp. Peptostreptococcus micros |
Porphyromonas gingivalis
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Which of the following is representative of phase III of biofilm formation?
Days 1–2 Days 2–4 Days 4–7 Days 5–8 Days 9–10 |
Days 4–7
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Oral biofilms are surrounded or encircled by a (an)
intermicrobial matrix. microbial pellicle. dental adhesion. dental lectin. |
intermicrobial matrix.
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Which of the following bacteria is primarily associated with the development of pregnancy gingivitis?
Peptostreptococcus micros Treponema denticola Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Prevotella intermedia Fusobacterium nucleatum |
Prevotella intermedia
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Subgingival bacteria present in the biofilm get nutrients from
serous saliva. crevicular fluid. bacterial by-products. calcified plaque. |
crevicular fluid.
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Which of the following bacteria have been documented to actually invade into the epithelium and gingival connective tissue?
Porphyromonas gingivalis Capnocytophaga sp. Prevotella intermedia Fusobacterium nucleatum Peptostreptococcus micros |
Porphyromonas gingivalis
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All of the following are enzymes that break down periodontal tissues EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Proteases Collagenase Hyaluronidase Elastase Lipase |
Lipase
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Which of the following features is characteristic of unattached (free-floating) subgingival bacteria?
Loosely packed Removed by flushing Removed by scaling and root planning Densely packed |
Removed by flushing
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Which of the following features is characteristic of unattached (free-floating) subgingival bacteria?
Loosely packed Removed by flushing Removed by scaling and root planning Densely packed |
Removed by flushing
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Which of the following types of subgingival plaque is the MOST virulent?
Tooth associated Tissue associated Unattached Attached |
Tissue associated
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Which of the following bacterial characteristics is associated with periodontal health?
Gram-positive, aerobic Gram-positive, anaerobic Gram-negative, aerobic Gram-negative, anaerobic |
Gram-positive, aerobic
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In health, the primary oral bacteria is
Streptococcus sanguis. Prevotella intermedia. Spirochetes. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Tannerella forythensis. |
Streptococcus sanguis.
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All of the following cells are present in dental plaque EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Red blood cells Polymorphonuclear neutrophils Epithelial cells Fibroblasts |
Fibroblasts
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Which of the following bacteria is gram-negative?
Actinomyces viscosus Eubacterium lentum Tannerella forsythus Peptostreptococcus micros Corynebacterium matruchoti |
Tannerella forsythus
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Which of the following statements is true about lipooligosaccharide?
Found in the cell wall of Actinomyces sp. Initiates inflammation Type of exotoxin Derived from collagenase |
Initiates inflammation
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Which of the following bacteria is strongly associated with localized aggressive periodontitis?
Actinomyces viscosus Eubacterium lentum Tannerella forsythus Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans |
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
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Which of the following bacteria is strongly associated with puberty gingivitis?
Streptococcus sanguis Prevotella intermedia Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Tannerella forythensis |
Prevotella intermedia
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Which of the following bacteria is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobe?
Streptococcus sanguis Porphyromonas gingivalis Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Tannerella forythensis (Chapter Three) |
Porphyromonas gingivalis
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Which of the following bacteria is a Gram-negative facultative rod?
Streptococcus sanguis Porphyromonas gingivalis Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Tannerella forythensis |
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
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Cells in the Oral Epithelium
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Keratinocytes
Nonkeratinocytes (aka clear cells) Melanocytes Langerhans Cells Merkel Cells Inflammatory Cells (ie: neutrophils) |
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What type of cells in the oral epithelium usually compose the gingiva?
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Parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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Turnover time of the gingiva epithelium
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10 days
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Turnover time of the skin?
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28 days
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What cells make up the majority of the oral epithelial cells?
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Keratinocytes
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Sulcular epithelium has rete ridges? T/F
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True
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There are varying amounts of attached gingiva in the oral cavity. The Narrowest width is on the _______ and the widest width is on the __________?
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Narrow--Mandibular Premolars
Widest--Maxillary Incisors |
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The gingiva is covered by a layer of __________ with an underlying core of connective tissue called ________.
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stratified squamous epithelium (Avascular, no nerves)
lamina propria (Vascular, nerves) |
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Gingival epithelium can be divided into three elements:
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The oral epithelium (OE)
The sulcular or crevicular epithelium (SE) The junctional epithelium (JE) |
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The JE is composed of what type of cells?
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nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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3 Types of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Orthokeratinized
Nonkeratinized Parakeratinized |
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Orthokeratinized epithelium in the Oral Cavity:
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Skin
Masticatory mucosa (hard palate + gingiva) |
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Nonkeratinized epithelium in the oral cavity?
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Alveolar mucosa
Sulcular and junctional epithelium |
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Sharpey's Fibers
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Embed into cementum and bone.
Extensions of ligament fibers. |
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Functions of Periodontal Ligaments:
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Suspensory: Supportive
Shock Absorber: Supportive Remodeling: Formative/Resorptive Blood Supply: Vascular/Nutritive Tactile Pressure: Sensory Proprioceptive: Sensory |
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Periodontal Ligament Fibers and Functions:
Fiber Bundle: Alveolar Crest |
Direction: Originates from the cementum and runs apically to insert into the alveolar Crest
Function: Resists lateral movement of the tooth and keeps tooth in its socket Features: The first fibers to be formed before tooth eruption has occurred. |
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Periodontal Ligament Fibers and Functions:
Fiber Bundle: Horizontal |
Direction: Originates from cementum and runs at right angles and inserts into bone
Function: Opposes lateral forces Features: The second fibers to be formed as soon as the first tooth-to-tooth contact has occurred. |
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Periodontal Ligament Fibers and Functions:
Fiber Bundle: Oblique |
Direction: Found inn the middle third of the root apical to the horizontal fibers; originates from cementum and runs coronally and diagonally into bone.
Function: Absorbs occlusal forces Features: The most abundant and thus the principal attachment of the tooth!!!! |
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Periodontal Ligament Fibers and Functions:
Fiber Bundle: Apical |
Direction: Originates from cementum of the apex of the root; spreading out apically and laterally into bone
Function: Resists tipping of the tooth Features: One of the last fibers to form |
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Periodontal Ligament Fibers and Functions:
Fiber Bundle: Interradicular |
Direction: From the crest of the interradicular septum extending to the cementum in the furcation area
Function: Resists the forces of luxation (pulling out) and tipping Features: Lost when bone is destroyed in the furcation area in disease |
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Alveolar Crest
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Parallels adjacent CEJ
1.5 to 2 mm apical to CEJ Contour follows contour of CEJ |
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Fenestration means?
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Loss of radicular bone (on surface of root) but not including marginal bone (a "window" of bone is resorbed on the radicular surfaces)
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Dehiscence means?
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Loss of radicular bone including marginal bone
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Changes with Aging
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Cementum increases in thickness throughout life
Cells within the PL decrease in number |
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The migration of neutrophils (PMNs) to the site of an invading pathogen is due to
clotting. self-recognition. phagocytosis. chemotaxis. |
chemotaxis
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Humoral immunity is provided by
plasma cells. B-cells. T-cells. neutrophils. macrophages |
B-cells.
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Which of the following cells is considered to be phagocytic?
T-cell B-cell Macrophage Plasma cell |
Macrophage
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Neutrophils arrive at the site of infection in the gingival connective tissue from the
blood vessels. alveolar bone. gingival epithelium. periodontal ligament. lymph vessels. |
blood vessels.
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Which of the following theories of periodontal disease activity are believed to occur by cluster of bursts of breakdown in a short time period?
Random burst Asynchronous multiple burst Continuous Specific burst |
Random burst
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Which of the following substances specifically kills neutrophils?
Leukotoxin Endotoxin Ammonia Sulfur |
Leukotoxin
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All of the following substances released by bacteria are considered toxic to host cells EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Endotoxin Leukotoxin Histamine Exotoxin Hyaluronidase |
Histamine
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The host (body) interacts with microorganisms in the pocket via the
saliva. crevicular fluid. gingival epithelium. gingival connective tissue. |
crevicular fluid.
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Which of the following tissue structures acts as a protective barrier for the passage of antigenic substances?
Gingival connective tissue Alveolar bone Junctional epithelium Hemidesmosomes |
Junctional epithelium
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The definition of phagocytosis is
eat and digest. squish and swallow. enzymatic degradation. chemical degradation. |
eat and digest.
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Which of the following substances is a type of cytokine?
Collagenase Proteinase Hyaluronidase Interleukin-1 Gelatinase |
Interleukin-1
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Which of the following substances “coat” the bacteria to aid in phagocytosis?
Opsonins Cytokines Collagenases Elastases |
Opsonins
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Which of the following immunoglobulins is found in the saliva?
IgA IgG IgM IgD IgE |
IgA
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Which of the following cells predominate in the body’s response to periodontitis?
T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes Neutrophils Macrophages |
B-lymphocytes
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Which of the following systems is activated by the antigen (bacteria)/antibody complex?
Phagocytosis Opsonization Complement Humoral |
Complement
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Which of the following substances/cells are involved in bone destruction?
B-cells histamines macrophages neutrophils |
Histamines
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Which of the following substances is released from mast cells and causes vasodilation seen in acute inflammation?
gingival crevicular fluid histamine cytokine ammonia |
histamine
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Clinically, vasodilation is seen as
edema. fibrosis. blunted papillae. destruction of the col. |
edema.
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From the tissues, antigenic substances are carried to the
local blood vessels. local lymph nodes. junctional epithelium. lamina propria. |
local lymph nodes.
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Which of the following substances regulates the activity of different cells in the inflammatory/immune response?
histamine bradykinin cytokine crevicular fluid |
cytokine
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Which of the following factors is contributory for periodontal diseases?
Cigarette smoking Diabetes mellitus Dental biofilms Tooth anatomy |
Tooth anatomy
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Which of the following statements is related to palatogingival grooves?
They can cause a narrow deep pocket. They are easy to eliminate. They present no problems. They increase the chances of furcation involvement. |
They can cause a narrow deep pocket.
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Which of the following injuries to the periodontium is considered to be chemical?
Toothbrush trauma Nail scratching Aspirin tablets Food impaction Overhanging restoration |
Aspirin tablets
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Proximal furcation involvement on maxillary molars presents with more problems than buccal furcation in-volvement because of limited access to proximal surfaces.
Both statement and reason are correct. Both statement and reason are incorrect. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct. |
Both statement and reason are correct.
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Calculus is a contributing factor for the initiation and progression of the periodontal diseases because calculus has a solid surface structure on which plaque will accumulate.
Both statement and reason are correct. Both statement and reason are incorrect. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct |
The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
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On which of the following teeth is a palatogingival groove most commonly seen?
Maxillary canine Maxillary lateral incisor Mandibular central incisor Mandibular canine Mandibular first molar |
Maxillary lateral incisor
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Radiographic evaluation of calculus is an effective diagnostic method because what is seen on the radiograph is usually what is present clinically.
Both statement and reason are correct. Both statement and reason are incorrect. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct. |
Both statement and reason are incorrect.
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All of the following are reasons for orthodontic appliances being a contributing factor for the periodontal dis-ease EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Limited access for oral hygiene Uneven wires and brackets are plaque retentive Bands on molar are plaque retentive Appliance causes chemical injury to the gingival |
Appliance causes chemical injury to the gingival
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All of the following are modes of attachment of calculus to the tooth surface EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Mechanical locking Chemical locking Penetration into bacteria Organic pellicle |
Chemical locking
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Which of the following reasons explains why subgingival calculus is usually black?
Supragingival saliva Crevicular fluid Subgingival enzymes Salivary crystals |
Crevicular fluid
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Which of the following statements describes what calcified plaque is?
Calculus Subgingival biofilm Enamel pearls Cervical enamel projection |
Calculus
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Which of the following factors is the most significant dentally related local factor strongly associated with an increased probability of developing periodontal diseases?
Presence of gingivitis Presence of established periodontal disease Whether patient is right or left handed Number of bleeding sites |
Presence of established periodontal disease
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Which of the following contributory factors is important for the accumulation of dental biofilms?
Anatomic Chemical Traumatic Irritational |
Anatomic
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Which of the following conditions may occur in a dentition with uneven marginal ridges?
Food impaction Tooth mobility Furcation involvement Pulpitis |
Food impaction
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All of the following are intrinsic tooth stains EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Nonvital pulp Chlorhexidine Tetracycline Decalcification Fluorosis |
Chlorhexidine
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Which of the following contributing factors can cause gingival recession?
Tongue ring Xerostomia Phenytoin Nifedipine |
Tongue ring
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Which of the following statements about calculus attachment to dental implants versus natural tooth structure is true?
There is greater attachment to an implant surface. There is more superficial attachment to an implant surface. There is more complicated attachment to an implant surface. The attachment to an implant surface is similar to attachment to a natural tooth surface. |
There is more superficial attachment to an implant surface.
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Which of the following features is characteristic of dental calculus?
It contains more than 500 bacterial species. It is calcified bacterial plaque. It contains specific species of fungi. It is hypomineralized bacterial plaque. |
It is calcified bacterial plaque.
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All of the following are local contributing factors for periodontal diseases EXCEPT one. Which one is the ex-ception?
Oral piercing Dental calculus Toothbrush trauma Bacterial plaque |
Bacterial plaque
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Which of the following substances is found in high amounts in calculus?
Fluoride Silica Hydroxyapatite Tricalcium phosphate |
Hydroxyapatite
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All of the following are systemic conditions that can cause an increased predisposition to periodontal diseases EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Diabetes mellitus Vitamin A deficiency AIDS Neutropenia Stress |
Vitamin A deficiency
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Which of the following conditions can develop in patients receiving chemotherapy and bisphosphonates for more than three years?
Bacteremia Osteonecrosis of the jaw Infective endocarditis Kidney failure |
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
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Which of the following statements explains the reason stress increases the susceptibility to periodontal infec-tions?
Increased red blood cells Reduced host immune response Decreased neutrophil chemotaxis Decreased production of steroids |
Reduced host immune response
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Which of the following mechanisms is affected by cigarette smoke, thus increasing the susceptibility to peri-odontal diseases?
Altered PMN function Altered monocyte function Decreased lymphocytes Decreased plasma cells Decreased esosinophils |
Altered PMN function
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All of the following medications may cause an exaggerated response to plaque EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Phenytoin Nifedipine Cyclosporine Aspirin |
Aspirin
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Which of the following adverse effects can occur when taking a diuretic?
Xerostomia Hepatitis Pancreatitis Osteonecrosis of the jaws |
Xerostomia
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Periodontal diseases are possible risk factors for all of the following conditions EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Emphysema Bronchitis Atherosclerosis Hepatitis Diabetes mellitus |
Hepatitis
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Pregnant women with periodontal disease may have a preterm delivery because of elevated levels of
glucose. thyroid hormone. prostaglandin E2. liver enzyme sodium and chloride. |
prostaglandin E2.
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Which of the following factors is related to periodontal destruction in smokers?
Increase in number of periodontal pathogens Decrease in healthy bacteria Reduced vitamin C levels Altered polymorphonuclear leukocyte function |
Altered polymorphonuclear leukocyte function
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Which of the following factors may increase the chance of developing respiratory disease in patients with peri-odontal diseases?
Alcohol intake Inadequate plaque control Increased carbohydrate diet Increased fatty diet |
Inadequate plaque control
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The Parameter of Care (Academy of Periodontology) suggests that the initial therapy for patients with periodontal inflammation should include the elimination, alteration, or control of risk factors because periodontal diseases are infections and may have several associated risk factors.
Both statement and reason are correct. Both statement and reason are incorrect. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct. |
The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
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Which of the following respiratory diseases has been studied in relationship to periodontal diseases?
Pneumonia Viral infection Postnasal drip Nasal congestion |
Pneumonia
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Which of the following substances is the major factor in developing respiratory diseases in patients with peri-odontal disease?
Saliva Nicotine Neutrophils Bacteria |
Bacteria
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Which of the following substances is measured to determine genetic susceptibility to periodontal diseases?
Neutrophil Plasma cell Interleukin-1 Collagenase Elastase |
Interleukin-1
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All of the following congenital diseases have periodontal manifestations EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Papillon-Lefévre syndrome Chediak-Higashi disease Autism Hypophosphatasia Cyclic neutropenia |
Autism
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For which of the following medical/dental conditions is a bisphosphonate indicated?
Multiple myeloma Type 2 diabetes mellitus Stomach ulcers Periodontal abscess |
Multiple myeloma
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Which of the following cells are inhibited by bisphosphonates?
Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Fibroblasts Neutrophils |
Osteoclasts
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There is much concern when a bisphosphonate is taken:
Intramuscularly Orally Topically Intravenously |
Intravenously
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Which of the following features is prominent in osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ)?
Necrotic bone Fistula (sinus tract) Bleeding Edematous gingival |
Necrotic bone
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Which of the following features is characteristic of bisphosphonates?
Osteoblast inhibitor Binds to soft tissue Short half-life Long half-life |
Long half-life
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Which of the following bacteria has been implicated in pregnancy gingivitis?
Prevotella intermedia Porphyromonas gingivalis Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Streptococcus mutans |
Prevotella intermedia
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All of the following conditions are classified (AAP Classification 1999) as gingival diseases EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Malnutrition Allergic reactions Lupus erythematosus Physical injury Pericoronal abscess |
Pericoronal abscess
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Gingivitis is a disease affecting the soft tissues because the inflammatory infiltrate is confined to the gingival.
Both statement and reason are correct. Both statement and reason are incorrect. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct |
Both statement and reason are correct.
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All of the following are local factors associated with gingival diseases EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Medications Dental restorative materials Systemic diseases Occlusal trauma Fungal infections |
Occlusal trauma
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Which of the following terms describes the gingival condition of a patient taking nifedipine?
Loss of attachment Gingival enlargement Bone loss A periodontal pocket |
Gingival enlargement
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Which of the following viral diseases is listed as gingival disease of viral origin?
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis Hereditary gingival fibromatosis Pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Linear gingival erythema |
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
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All of the following classifications are listed as gingival diseases modified by medications EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Gingival enlargements Oral contraceptive-associated gingivitis Drug-influenced gingivitis Recurrent oral herpes |
Recurrent oral herpes
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Which of the following statements describes a gingival pocket?
Sometimes referred to as a periodontal pocket Bone loss is present Gingival enlargement Attachment loss is present |
Gingival enlargement
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Which of the following is TRUE about the host response to gingival inflammation?
First response is an acute vasodilation Migration of lymphocytes Increased number of fibroblasts Decreased movement of immune cellsGingival Diseases |
First response is an acute vasodilation
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Vascular changes during gingivitis occur in the
oral epithelium. sulcular epithelium. lamina propria. lamina dura. periodontal ligament. |
lamina propria.
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Which of the following risk factors is primarily associated with gingivitis?
Dental biofilms Dental calculus Systemic medication Viral diseases Fungal diseases |
Dental biofilms
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All of the following statements are true concerning diabetes mellitus EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
It presents an important risk factor for gingivitis. It presents an important risk factor for periodontitis. It results in viral infections. It results in hypoglycemia. It alters wound healing. |
It results in hypoglycemia.
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Which of the following microorganisms is associated with puberty gingivitis?
Prevotella intermedia Porphyromonas gingivalis Streptococcus mutans Treponema denticola Staphylococcus aureus |
Prevotella intermedia
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Which of the following terms is used to describe a gingival condition that is of long duration to only a few anterior teeth?
Acute, localized Acute, generalized Chronic, localized Chronic, generalized |
Chronic, localized
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In which stage of gingival inflammation is bleeding on probing seen?
Initial stage Early stage Established stage Advanced stage |
Early
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In which of the following lesions does clinical gingivitis first appear?
Initial Early Established Advanced |
Established
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The inflammatory cells involved in the host’s response come from
blood vessels in the connective tissue. lymph nodes in the tissue. alveolar bone. periodontal ligament. cementum. |
blood vessels in the connective tissue.
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In which of the following stages is the B-cell found?
Initial and early Early and established Established and advanced Initial and advanced Early and advanced |
Established and advanced
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What percentage of collagen is lost in the connective tissue during the early lesion?
10–20 30–40 50–60 60–70 70–80 |
60–70
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Which of the following cells make up the protective wall between the plaque mass and the junctional epithelium?
Neutrophils Plasma cells B-lymphocytes T-lymphocytes |
Neutrophils
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What causes Acute Inflammation?
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Antigen such as bacteria in dental plaque
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What causes Chronic Inflammation?
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Unresolved acute inflammation
continued presence of antigens |
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Cells involved in Acute Inflammation?
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PMNs
Mononuclear cells (Macrophages) |
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Cells involved in Chronic Inflammation?
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Monocytes
Macrophages Lymphocytes Plasma Cells |
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What substances are released from the cells that causes the signs and symptoms of Acute Inflammation?
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Vasoactive amines such as histamines and bradykinin
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What substances are released from the cells that causes the signs and symptoms of Chronic Inflammation?
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Cytokines, growth factors, reactive oxygen species, hydrolytic enzymes
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When does the inflammatory response first appear in Acute Inflammation?
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Immediate onset
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When does the inflammatory response first appear in Chronic Inflammation?
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Delayed Onset
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How long does the inflammatory response last in Acute Inflammation?
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Several days
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How long does the inflammatory response last in Chronic Inflammation?
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Long time (Months to years)
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After the response is over, what happens to the tissues in Acute Inflammation?
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Healing occurs if the inflammation is resolved.
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After the response is over, what happens to the tissues in Chronic Inflammation?
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Tissue destruction
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Phases of the Inflammatory Process:
Acute Transient Phase |
Features of the Inflammatory Process:
Local vasodilation and increased capillary permeability |
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Phases of the Inflammatory Process:
Delayed Subacute Phase |
Features of the Inflammatory Process:
Migration of PMNs and other phagocytic cells into the tissues |
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Phases of the Inflammatory Process:
Chronic Phase |
Features of the Inflammatory Process:
Tissue Destruction |
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Common Enzymes that Break Down Periodontal Fibers?
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Collagenase
Hyaluronidase Chondrotin Sulfatase Proteases Elasteses |
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Health-Associated Bacterial Characteristics:
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Gram positive
Aerobic Nonmotile Saccharolytic |
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Disease-Associated Bacterial Characteristics:
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Gram-negative
Anaerobic Motile Assaccharolytic |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Strong Evidence for Etiology: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) |
Primary Association:
Aggressive Perio Chronic Perio Refractory Perio |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Strong Evidence for Etiology: Porphyromonas gingivalis |
Primary Association:
Chronic Perio |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Strong Evidence for Etiology: Tannerella forsythensis |
Primary Association:
Chronic Perio |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Moderate Evidence for Etiology: Campylobacter rectus |
Primary Association:
Aggressive Perio Refractory Perio |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Moderate Evidence for Etiology: Eikenella corrodens |
Primary Association:
Chronic Perio |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Moderate Evidence for Etiology: Fusobacterium nucleatum |
Primary Association:
Chronic Perio |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Moderate Evidence for Etiology: Prevotella intermedia |
Primary Association:
Pregnancy gingivitis Puberty gingivitis NUP diseases |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Moderate Evidence for Etiology: Peptostreptococcus micros |
Primary Association:
Refractory Perio |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Moderate Evidence for Etiology: Capnocytophaga species |
Primary Association:
Aggressive Localized Perio |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Moderate Evidence for Etiology: Treponema denticola |
Primary Association:
Chronic Perio NUP Diseases |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Moderate Evidence for Etiology: Streptococcus intermedius-complex |
Primary Association:
Gingivitis |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Moderate Evidence for Etiology: Actinomyces species |
Primary Association:
Gingivitis |
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Bacteria in Perio:
Moderate Evidence for Etiology: Fubobacterium species |
Primary Association:
Gingivitis |
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Gram Positive Faculative Cocci:
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Steptococcus sanguis, mitis, and salivarius
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Gram Positive Anaerobic Cocci:
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Peptostreptococcus micros
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Gram-Positive Facultative Rods:
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Actinomyces viscosus, israelii, and naeslundii
Corynebacterium matruchotii |
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Gram-Positive Obligate Anaerobic Rods:
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Eubacterium lentum
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Yeasts:
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Candida albicans
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Gram-Negative Facultative Rods
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Eikenella corrodens
Capnocytophaga ochracea Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans |
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Gram-Negative Obligate Anaerobic Rods:
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Porphyromaonas gingivalis
Prevotella intermedia Tannerella forsythensis Fusobacterium nucleatum |
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Gram-Negative Obligate Anaerobic cocci:
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Veillonella alcalescens
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Gram-Negative Anaerobic Spirochetes:
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Treponema denticola
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Which of the following diseases has host cell abnormalities?
a. Chronic periodontitis b. Localized aggressive periodontitis c. Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis d. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis |
Localized aggressive periodontitis
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High numbers of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are found in
a. generalized chronic periodontitis. b. localized chronic periodontitis. c. generalized severe gingivitis. d. localized aggressive periodontitis. e. necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. |
localized aggressive periodontitis.
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Which of the following terms describes periodontal disease that was previously treated, but did not respond favorably?
a. Recurrent b. Refractory c. Aggressive d. Chronic e. Acute |
Refractory
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Which of the following events occurs first during the development of a periodontal pocket?
a. Alveolar and supporting bone loss b. Destruction of periodontal ligament fibers c. Destruction of gingival connective tissue d. Apical migration of the junctional epithelium |
Destruction of gingival connective tissue
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The surface cementum is rough because of the detachment of the previously inserting connective tissue.
a. Both statement and reason are correct. b. Both statement and reason are incorrect. c. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. d. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct. |
Both statement and reason are correct.
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Vertical or angular bone loss occurs when the inflammation travels directly from the gingival into the
a. cementum. b. periodontal ligament. c. enamel. d. bone. |
periodontal ligament.
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Which of the following is the main mechanism of alveolar and supporting bone resorption?
a. Prostaglandin b. Hyaluronidase c. Collagenase d. Exotoxin |
Prostaglandin
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The inflammatory infiltrate usually spreads from the gingival through the lamina propria into the bone following the
a. periodontal ligament. b. lamina dura. c. nutrient canals. d. vascular pathway. |
vascular pathway.
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Which of the following classifications is a three-wall bony defect?
a. Horizontal bone loss b. Vertical bone loss c. Fenestration d. Dehiscence |
Vertical bone loss
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What is the relationship of the base of a suprabony pocket to the crest of bone?
a. Apical b. Coronal c. Lateral d. Subgingival |
Coronal
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Which of the following types of infrabony defects occurs when two bony walls are intact?
a. Crater b. Hemiseptum c. Horizontal d. Circumferential |
Crater
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Which of the following structures is considered to be the base of a pocket?
a. Junctional epithelium b. Oral epithelium c. Sulculuar epithelium d. Crest of alveolar bone |
Junctional epithelium
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The extension of the inflammatory infiltrate from the connective tissue to the interdental alveolar bone is by way of the
a. collagen fibers. b. blood vessels. c. collagen bundles. d. principal fibers. |
blood vessels.
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All of the following descriptions relate to a one-wall bony defect EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. One bony wall remains b. One bony wall is destroyed c. Can be a hemiseptum d. Is a type of vertical defect |
One bony wall is destroyed
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Which of the following pockets is associated with a horizontal pattern of bone loss?
a. Gingival sulcus b. Gingival pocket c. Infrabony d. Suprabony e. Intrabony |
Suprabony
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With which of the following histopathologic lesions will a patient experience bone loss?
a. Initial b. Early c. Established d. Advanced |
Advanced
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Which of the following parts of the junctional epithelium migrates apically during the advanced lesions?
a. Coronal b. Middle third c. Middle half d. Apical |
Apical
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the down growth of accumulating plaque?
a. Oral epithelium begins to get ulcerations. b. Alveolar and supporting bone begins to resorb. c. Gingival crevice migrates coronally. d. Junctional epithelium migrates. |
Gingival crevice migrates coronally.
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Which of the following occurs for a periodontal pocket to develop?
a. Crestal bone loss b. Interproximal bone loss c. Apical migration of the junctional epithelium d. Ulcerations of the sulcular epithelium |
Apical migration of the junctional epithelium
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In which of the following lesions does attachment loss occur?
a. Early b. Initial c. Established d. Advanced |
Advanced
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Which of the following microorganisms is associated with the pathogenesis of NUG?
a. Spirochetes b. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans c. Streptococcus mutans d. Porphyromonas gingivalis |
Spirochetes
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Which of the following symptoms is always seen in patients with NUG?
a. Fetid odor b. Deep pockets c. Abscesses d. Nausea e. Pain |
Pain
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Clinical features of necrotizing periodontal diseases may be the first sign of
a. malnutrition. b. hepatitis infection. c. HIV infection. d. diabetes mellitus. e. kidney failure. |
HIV infection.
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Which of the following terms describes the grayish slough found on the gingival tissue in NUG?
a. Pseudomembrane b. Necrosis c. Ulceration d. Abscess |
Pseudomembrane
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about NUG?
a. Term can be used interchangeably with ANUG (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis) b. Usually resolves within a few days after treatment c. Associated with alveolar bone loss d. Associated with periodontal abscesses |
Usually resolves within a few days after treatment
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Which of the following parts of the periodontium does NUG affect?
a. Enamel b. Cementum c. Interdental gingival d. Alveolar bone e. Alveolar mucosa |
Interdental gingival
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Which of the following is a microbial feature associated with the gingival lesion of NUG?
a. Degenerative changes in Prevotella intermedia b. Infiltration of the gingival by spirochetes c. Abscesses caused by Fusobacterium sp. d. Penetration into the bone by Treponema |
Infiltration of the gingival by spirochetes
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All of the following are predisposing factors for the development and progression of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. Stress b. Trauma c. Smoking d. Malnutrition e. Osteoporosis |
Osteoporosis
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Which of the following describes the shape of the papillae seen in NUG?
a. Rounded off b. Punched out c. Blunted d. Bulbous |
Punched out
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Which of the following criteria must all be present to make a diagnosis of NUG?
a. Bleeding, fetid oral odor, lymphadenopathy b. Fetid oral odor, pain, lymphadenopathy c. Interdental papillae necrosis, pain d. Interdental papillae necrosis, pain, bleeding e. Interdental papillae necrosis, fetid oral odor, bleeding |
Interdental papillae necrosis, pain, bleeding
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Which of the following signs/symptoms of NUG is an infrequent finding?
a. Pain b. Bleeding c. Lymphadenopathy d. Interdental papillae necrosis |
Lymphadenopathy
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Necrotizing periodontal diseases are listed as a separate classification because they are unique in their clinical presentation and course and are clinically identifiable.
a. Both statement and reason are correct. b. Both statement and reason are incorrect. c. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. d. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct. |
Both statement and reason are correct.
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Which of the following conditions is a differential diagnosis of NUG?
a. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis b. Gingival abscess c. Pericoronitis d. Aphthous ulcers |
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
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Which of the following host cells have been found to be decreased in NUG?
a. Mast cells b. Plasma cells c. Lymphocytes d. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes e. Macrophages |
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
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All of the following are features of NUG EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. Necrosis of the papillae b. Bone loss c. Erythema of the free gingival d. Bleeding |
Bone loss
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How long after treatment of NUG do signs and symptoms usually resolve?
a. Few days b. Three weeks c. One month d. Five months |
Few days
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Which of the following signs/symptoms is not always present in NUG?
a. Bleeding b. Pain c. Fetid odor d. Ulcerated papillae |
Fetid odor
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In which of the following types of patients does NUG usually occur?
a. 70-year-old male b. 52-year-old female c. 19-year-old student d. 5-year-old toddler |
19-year-old student
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Which of the following features is evident in NUP?
a. White plaque-like lesion on gingival b. Alveolar bone loss c. Purulent exudates d. Occlusal trauma |
Alveolar bone loss
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The older term for NUG was:
a. Smoker’s mouth b. Trench mouth c. Smoker’s gingivitis d. Bacterial gingivitis |
Trench mouth
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All of the following are examples of primary occlusal trauma EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. A restoration that is "high" in occlusion b. Trauma (ex. blow) to the teeth c. Orthodontic movement of tooth d. Insufficient bone support |
Insufficient bone support
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A patient had an amalgam restoration placed on the mandibular molar two days ago. The patient reports to the dental office and complains of pain on that tooth. Which of the following procedures should be done to determine the origin of the pain?
a. Check occlusion with articulating paper b. Probe that tooth and adjacent teeth c. Place a sealant on top of the amalgam d. Apply high concentration of fluoride to the tooth |
Check occlusion with articulating paper
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Which of the following conditions is seen on a tooth that is in traumatic occlusion?
a. Abrasion b. Erosion c. Extrusion d. Wear facet |
Wear facet
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Which of the following activities is considered to be parafunctional?
a. Thumb sucking b. Eating an ice pop c. Drinking soda from a straw d. Frequent swallowing |
Thumb sucking
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All of the following structures are affected by occlusal trauma EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. Alveolar bone b. Periodontal ligament c. Attached gingival d. Cementum |
Attached gingival
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Which of the following is the most common sign of occlusal trauma?
a. Pain b. Sensitivity c. Cracked tooth d. Gingival inflammation e. Increasing mobility |
Increasing mobility
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Of which of the following conditions is pathologic tooth migration indicative?
a. Nonvital tooth b. Severe periodontitis c. Dentinal hypersensitivity d. Daytime bruxism |
Severe periodontitis
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Occlusal trauma alone does not cause gingivitis or periodontitis because the junctional epithelium is not affected by occlusal trauma.
a. Both statement and reason are correct. b. Both statement and reason are incorrect. c. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. d. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct |
Both statement and reason are correct.
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Which of the following radiographic findings are seen in occlusal trauma?
a. Infrabony pockets b. Vertical bone loss c. Horizontal bone loss d. Suprabony pockets |
Vertical bone loss
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The objective of occlusal therapy is to
a. control the direction, magnitude, and frequency of excessive occlusal forces. b. change the direction of the excessive occlusal forces so that the force is directed axially. c. eliminate all forces on the tooth or teeth. d. modify occlusal forces to be directed toward the gingival |
control the direction, magnitude, and frequency of excessive occlusal forces.
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Which of the following is an objective for splinting teeth?
a. To increase esthetics of the teeth b. To increase effectiveness of plaque control c. To reduce discomfort for the patient d. To aid in healing of gingival pockets |
To reduce discomfort for the patient
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Which of the following is a goal of selective grinding?
a. To eliminate premature contacts b. To reduce tooth structure c. To change the direction of occlusal forces d. To increase occlusal loading |
To eliminate premature contacts
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Which of the following materials is used to make a night guard?
a. Orthodontic resin b. Composite resin c. Hard acrylic d. Denture acrylic |
Hard acrylic
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All of the following outcomes of treatment of occlusal trauma are desirable EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. Elimination of fremitus b. Prevention of further tooth migration c. Stability of radiographic changes d. Increased tooth mobility |
Increased tooth mobility
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Which of the following signs is indicative of inadequate resolution of occlusal trauma?
a. Progressive tooth mobility b. Increased depth of periodontal pockets c. Increased attachment loss d. Presence of intrabony defects |
Progressive tooth mobility
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Which of the following features is a cause of secondary occlusal trauma?
a. Chewing forces on a tooth with advanced bone loss b. Deep infrabony pockets extending beyond the mucogingival junction c. Plaque-induced gingival pockets d. Overhang on amalgam restoration |
Chewing forces on a tooth with advanced bone loss
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Early animal studies on occlusal trauma placed high restoration in order to reproduce
a. impaction forces. b. jiggling forces. c. normal occlusion. d. adapted occlusion. |
jiggling forces.
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It is controversial whether inflammation and occlusal trauma are codestructive. Proponents of this codestructive theory say that in the presence of occlusal trauma, inflammation will be
a. slower. b. accelerated. c. unchanged. d. initially slower, but then faster later. |
accelerated.
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All of the following are clinical features of occlusal trauma EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. Fremitus b. Wear facet c. Chipped teeth d. Bleeding on probing |
Bleeding on probing
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Which of the following are treatment options for teeth in secondary occlusal trauma with shallow probing depths?
a. Splinting b. Orthodontics c. Apply fluoride varnish d. Incision and drainage |
Splinting
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Which of the following microorganisms is highly associated with periodontal abscess and pus formation?
a. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans b. Porphyromonas gingivalis c. Streptococcus mutans d. Staphylococcus aureus |
Porphyromonas gingivalis
|
|
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Which of the following abscesses is the most common involving the periodontium?
a. Gingival b. Periodontal c. Pericoronal d. Periapical |
Periodontal
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Which of the following is a factor that could cause the formation of a gingival abscess?
a. Toothbrushing b. Poppy seeds c. Drinking hot beverages d. Overzealous flossing |
Poppy seeds
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All of the following statements are true about a periodontal abscess EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. It develops as a result of a bacterial infection. b. It occurs as a result of calculus that obstructs sulcular drainage. c. It can cause alveolar bone destruction. d. It resolves spontaneously without treatment |
It resolves spontaneously without treatment.
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Which of the following features describes a gingival abscess?
a. Develops over a long period of time b. Develops fairly rapidly c. Usually ruptures on its own d. Expands rapidly along the gingival margin |
Develops fairly rapidly
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Which of the following happens if an acute periodontal abscess is not treated?
a. Tooth will be lost b. Reverts to a gingival abscess c. Becomes a chronic abscess d. Results in a pericoronal abscess |
Becomes a chronic abscess
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All of the following are features of a tooth with a gingival abscess EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. Severe periodontitis b. Localized infection c. Usually painful d. Edematous tissue |
Severe periodontitis
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|
|
In which of the following conditions is trismus usually evident?
a. Periodontal abscess b. Gingival abscess c. Periapical abscess d. Pericoronal abscess |
Pericoronal abscess
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Which of the following microorganisms is cultivated from pus of a tooth with a periodontal abscess?
a. Gram-negative anaerobic rods b. Gram-negative facultative cocci c. Gram-negative nonmotile cocci and rods d. Gram-positive facultative aerobics e. Gram-positive anaerobic rods |
Gram-negative anaerobic rods
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|
An operculum will disappear once the tooth is
a. orthodontically moved. b. splinted to the adjacent tooth. c. intruded into position. d. extracted. |
extracted.
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All of the following signs and symptoms are present in a periodontal abscess EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. Suppuration b. Swelling c. Tooth looseness d. Tooth extrusion e. Tooth fracture |
Tooth fracture
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Which of the chief complaints is common for a developing periodontal abscess?
a. “I have pressure in my gums.” b. “I feel the tooth is coming out.” c. “I think my tooth feels big.” d. “My gums are tight.” |
“I have pressure in my gums.”
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Which of the following statements is associated with a periodontal abscess?
a. Clinical features are similar to peri-implantitis. b. Tooth intrusion is a common finding. c. Microflora resembles that of chronic periodontitis lesions. d. Suppuration comes from the occlusal surface of the tooth. |
Microflora resembles that of chronic periodontitis lesions
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Which of the following techniques will allow pus to be drained from the gingival crevice?
a. Use probe or curet to open pocket entrance b. Brush area with a hard-bristled toothbrush c. Application of cold gauze d. Application of heated gutta percha point |
Use probe or curet to open pocket entrance
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A periodontal abscess is primarily composed of
a. bacteria, dental calculus. b. bacteria, plasma cells, neutrophils. c. bacteria, dead tissue, neutrophils. d. dental calculus only |
bacteria, dead tissue, neutrophils.
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Which of the following treatments should be performed on a patient with a gingival abscess?
a. Extraction of offending tooth b. Debridement of affected area c. Periodontal surgery with regeneration d. Endodontic therapy |
Debridement of affected area
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A radiograph showing a radiolucent area on lateral aspect of the tooth is most likely diagnosed as
a. an endodontic abscess. b. periocoronitis. c. a periodontal abscess. d. a gingival abscess. |
a periodontal abscess.
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A periodontal abscess originates from the
a. pulp. b. soft tissue wall of pocket. c. root cementum. d. dentin. |
soft tissue wall of pocket.
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Establishing drainage of a periodontal abscess may be difficult because the
a. pocket is occluded. b. pocket is too shallow. c. tooth is nonvital. d. tooth is extruded. |
pocket is occluded.
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Which of the following treatments should initially be performed on a patient with a periodontal abscess?
a. Administering an antibiotic b. Perform endodontic therapy c. Periodontal debridement/periodontal surgery d. Recommend antibacterial rinse |
Periodontal debridement/periodontal surgery
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Each of the following terms is used to describe the health or disease of the gingival tissues EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. Contour b. Size c. Consistency d. Percussion e. Surface texture |
Percussion
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Several factors affect the probing depths achieved when completing a periodontal chart. One of the limitations is presence of inflammation, which can result in a reading shallower than the actual probing depth.
a. Both statements are TRUE. b. Both statements are FALSE. c. The first statement is TRUE. The second statement is FALSE. d. The first statement is FALSE. The second statement is TRUE. |
Several factors affect the probing depths achieved when completing a periodontal chart. One of the limitations is presence of inflammation, which can result in a reading shallower than the actual probing depth.
a. Both statements are TRUE. b. Both statements are FALSE. c. The first statement is TRUE. The second statement is FALSE. d. The first statement is FALSE. The second statement is TRUE. |
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Which of the following describes the presence of bleeding on probing?
a. Occurs when there is a disruption of the sulcular epithelium b. Considered to be an indicator for disease activity c. Determines the amount of attachment loss d. Determines the amount of alveolar bone loss |
Occurs when there is a disruption of the sulcular epithelium
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The gingival landmark that is the entrance to the crevice is called
a. attached gingival. b. free gingival. c. marginal gingival. d. gingival pocket. |
marginal gingival.
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Clinical attachment level is synonymous with clinical attachment loss because clinical attachment levels are determined by the measurement from the marginal gingival to the apical extent of the periodontal probe.
a. Both statement and reason are correct. b. Both statement and reason are incorrect. c. The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect. d. The statement is incorrect, but the reason is correct. |
Both statement and reason are incorrect.
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Suppuration is also referred to as
a. gingival bleeding. b. purulent exudate. c. dental plaque. d. dental calculus. e. dental biofilm. |
purulent exudate.
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Which of the following terms describes the movement of teeth due to the disruption of forces that normally maintain physiologic tooth position?
a. Tooth fremitus b. Tooth mobility c. Pathologic migration d. Attachment loss |
Pathologic migration
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Which of the following terms describes the loss of interradicular bone?
a. Mucogingival defect b. Furcation involvement c. Attachment loss d. Pathologic migration |
Furcation involvement
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Gingival (soft tissue) recession is measured according to the
a. position of the marginal gingival. b. depth of the pockets. c. level of the mucogingival junction. d. level of the soft tissue attachment. |
position of the marginal gingival.
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All of the following are etiologic factors for gingival recession EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. Toothbrushing b. Orthodontic movement c. Oral habits d. Occlusal trauma e. Anatomic variations |
Occlusal trauma
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All of the following are causes of pathologic tooth mobility EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. Bone loss b. Gingival recession c. Occlusal trauma d. Gingival inflammation |
Gingival recession
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Which of the following instruments is BEST for measuring the vertical component of bone loss in a furcation defect?
a. Nabers probe b. Periodontal probe c. 11/12 explorer d. Curet e. Scaler |
Periodontal probe
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Which of the following structures is used for measuring the clinical attachment level?
a. CEJ and free gingival margin b. CEJ and apical extent of probe c. Free gingival margin and apical extent of probe d. Free gingival margin and mucogingival junction |
CEJ and apical extent of probe
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Which of the following structures is used for measuring the amount of gingival (soft tissue) recession?
a. CEJ and free gingival margin b. CEJ and apical extent of probe c. Free gingival margin and apical extent of probe d. Free gingival margin and mucogingival junction |
CEJ and free gingival margin
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Before a periodontal site can be labeled as disease-active, there must be a change in clinical attachment level of
a. 1–2 mm. b. 2–3 mm. c. 3–4 mm. d. 4–5 mm. e. 5–7 mm. |
2–3 mm.
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The mesiofacial site on the maxillary left canine has a probing depth of 3 mm and 2 mm of soft tissue recession. The clinical attachment level (in mm) is
a. 1. b. 2. c. 3. d. 4. e. 5. |
5.
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In the above questions, the attachment loss (in mm) is
a. 1. b. 2. c. 3. d. 4. e. 5. |
5.
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The primary purpose of periodontal probing is to determine the extent of detachment of which of the following periodontal structures from the tooth surface?
a. Periodontal ligament fibers b. Gingival fibers c. Junctional epithelium d. Sulcular epithelium |
Junctional epithelium
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Which of the following terms describes mobility of a tooth under function (e.g., chewing, lateral excersions)?
a. Tooth fremitus b. Pathologic migration c. Clinical attachment loss d. Tooth mobility |
Tooth fremitus
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The periodontal probe is slightly angled when measuring the probing depth on interproximal surfaces of posterior teeth because of the
a. deeper pockets. b. wider root surface. c. col. d. bone. |
col.
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