Clinical Pathology Lab Test

Front 1

Neutrophils are a major component of

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Pus

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Neutrophils primary function

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Phagocytosis is the primary function

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increased numbers of neutrophils indicate?

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infection or inflammation

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Which WBC is the first responder?

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Neutrophil

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Neutrophil

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Which WBC has a irregular and elongated nucleus?

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What does a normal neutrophil look like?

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What does a heterophil look like?

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Front 8

What is a heterophil?

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similar to neutrophils but are found in birds reptiles and some fish

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what does a toxic neutrophil look like?

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Front 10

what does a band neutrophil look like?

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Front 11

Band neutrophils indicate what?

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left shift

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what is left shift

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the increase of immature WBC into the blood

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Main function of eosinophil

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modulation of immune system

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phagocytosis

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eosinophils are capable of ...?

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when would you see increased numbers of eosinophils in a patient?

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allergies and parasitic infections or infestations

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what do eosinophils look like?

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Front 17

what WBC is more numerous in horses and cattle than cats and dogs?

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basophils

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function of basophils

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mediation of immune system

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when would you expect to see increased numbers of basophils?

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during inflammation, fungal or infectious conditions

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What does a basophil look like?

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Front 21

What is the most abundant WBC in ruminants?

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lymphocytes

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what is the function of lymphocytes?

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production of antibodies

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what do increased numbers of lymphocytes mean?

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viral infection

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What do lymphocytes look like?

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Front 25

What is the largest WBC?

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Monocyte

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What is the major function of monocytes?

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phagocytosis

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What do increased numbers of monocytes indicate?

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chronic infection

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what does a monocyte look like?

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Front 29

what is a megathrombocyte?

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large platelet

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What do megathrombocytes suggest?

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early release of platelets from bone marrow

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What might affect RBC counts on an automated analyzer?

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megathrombocyte

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slight

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10%

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moderate

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25%

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marked

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50%

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megathrombocytes look like?

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Front 36

Nuclear hypersegmentation is common in poodle with?

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Macrocytosis

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what is macrocytosis?

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large cells

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What does macrocytosis look like?

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hypersegmentation can be caused by?

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aging neutrophils either in vivo or in vitro (prolonged storage)

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what does hypersegmentation look like

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Front 41

Toxic change in neutrophils is caused by?

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inflammation, infection, and drug toxicity

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cats have a special exception in toxic neutrophils

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can be commonly seen in cats that are not severely ill

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what do Dohle bodies look like?

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Front 44

what do atypical lymphocytes look like?

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reactive lymphocytes aka

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immunocytes

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what causes reactive lymphocytes?

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antigenic stimulation

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smudge cells aka

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basket cells

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reactive lymphocytes and the same as

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atypical lymphocytes

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what are smudge cells?

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the break down of WBC

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what do smudge cells look like

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Front 51

Rouleaux formation is?

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the stacking of erythrocytes

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rouleaux is normal is?

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horses-can also be in cats and pigs

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what can cause rouleaux formation?

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artifact of prolonged storage

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what does rouleaux formation look like?

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Front 55

Anisocytosis is what?

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variation in RBC size

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what does Anisocytosis look like?

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Front 57

Polychromasia is what?

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RBCs have a bluish tint

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Polychromasia happens in _______ RBC

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young

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Polychromasia looks like what?

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Hypochromasia is what?

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RBCs with decreased color

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What can causehypochromasia?

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insufficient hemoglobin, very pale central region, and iron efficiency

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what does hypochromasia look like?

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Front 63

Hyperchromatophilic are what?

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darkly stained RBC

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Hyperchromatophilic gives the appearance of what?

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gives the appearance of too much hemoglobin, but a cell has a fixed capacity for hemoglobin so over-saturation cannot occur

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Hyperchromatophilic looks like what?

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Ghost cells are seen in

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IMHA

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Ghost cells are due to?

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the rupture of the cell membrane causing the hemoglobin to leak out

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Ghost cells look like what?

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Poikolocytes=

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abnormal shape

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what do poikolocytes look like?

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Schistocytes are what?

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RBC fragments

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Schistocytes are made how?

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trauma due to intravascular shearing

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what do Acanthocytes look like?

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what do Echinocytes look like?

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Front 75

Helmet cells can mean?

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neoplasia, hepatic disease, glomerulonephritis

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helmet cells look like what?

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Front 77

Basophilic stippling looks like?

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Basophilic stippling can mean what?

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lead poisoning,residual DNA, cats responding to anemia

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howell-jolly bodies look like what?

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howell-jolly bodies are removed when?

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passed through spleen

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howell-jolly bodies are what?

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basophilic nuclear remnants in young RBCs responding to anemia

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increased numbers of howell-jolly bodies indicate?

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splenic disorders

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heinz bodies are caused by

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toxins (garlic, onions), drugs (acetaminophen), inherited disorders

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increased amounts of heinz bodies can indicate?

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lymphosarcoma, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus

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what do heinz bodies look like?

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