Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
CLINICAL METHOD EXAM 2: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
|
CLINICAL METHOD EXAM 2: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
|
|
|
Epidemic of AIDS is growing most rapidly among?
|
Minority populations
|
|
|
AIDS is the leading cause of death in?
|
African American males age 25-44.
|
|
|
AIDS
|
Destruction of Helper T cells--> cell mediated immunodeficiency.
Opportunistic infections Etiology agent: HIV, a retrovirus. |
|
|
Virus binds to the cell on what receptors?
|
CD4 receptor
|
|
|
Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia (PCP)
|
1. Most common opportunistic pathogen.
2. Infiltrates bilaterally 3. may lead to respiratory failure |
|
|
What is the most frequent cardiac disease in HIV patients?
|
Dilated cardiomyothy
|
|
|
What are the anesthetic considerations for HIV pts?
|
1. Minor procedures can be done with local and light sedation with benzodiazapines.
2. avoid drugs like Droperidol in AIDS related dementia, Parkinson-like syndrome. |
|
|
CXR of TB pts exemplify what char?
|
1. infiltrates
2. lymph nodes enlargement 3. atelectasis |
|
|
MRSA
|
1. nosocomial infection (hospital acquired)
2. causes "staph" infections that are resistant to the usual antibiotics (i.e. PCN, cephalosporin, carbapenems) 3. can be found on skin |
|
|
How is MRSA spread?
|
1. thru infected pts
2. healthcare personnels' unwashed hands. |
|
|
Standard precautions for MRSA:
|
1. handwashing
2. glove 3. mask 4. gown |
|
|
Vancomycin-Intermediate/resistant staph aureus
|
VISA & VRSA
1. RARE 2. follow same precautions as MRSA. |
|
|
Dietary supplements include:
|
1. nutrients: vit, minerals, aa
2. botanicals: herbs 3. glandular extracts: from animals or synthetic sources. |
|
|
Willow bark
|
Aspirin
|
|
|
Foxglove
|
Digoxin
|
|
|
Ma huang
|
Ephedrine
|
|
|
Belladonna alkaloids
|
Atropine
|
|
|
What are the uses for aloe?
|
1. digestion
2. cathartic (laxative properties) 3. burns 4. infections and wounds |
|
|
Concerns in using aloe?
|
HYPOkalemia due to diarrhea
|
|
|
Uses for echinacea?
|
1. upper respiratory infections
|
|
|
Concerns of echinacea
|
Immunostimulant
Hepatic inflammation toxicity |
|
|
Potential concerns with garlic?
|
1. inhibits platelet aggregation
2. increases INR with warfarin |
|
|
Ginkgo biloba
|
1. for circulatory disorders
2. mental acuity 3. sexual dysfunction |
|
|
Concerns of ginko biloba?
|
Inhibits platelet activating factor.
Leaf contain neurotoxin |
|
|
What are the drug interactions of ginko biloba?
|
1. warfarin
2. MAOIs |
|
|
Toxicity of ginseng?
|
HTN and tachycardia
|
|
|
Uses of St. John's wort
|
1. depression
2. anxiety 3. sleep disorders 4. seasonal affective disorder (SAD) |
|
|
Uses of dong quai
|
Menopausal symptoms
Gyn issues |
|
|
Concerns of dong quai
|
Inhibition of platelet aggregation
|
|
|
Vitamin E concern
|
Bleeding
|
|
|
ASA guidelines on supplement usage before surgery:
|
Discontinue 2-3 weeks prior to surgery and anesthesia.
|
|
|
Specific guidelines for garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, and st. john's wort:
|
1. garlic: 7 dys
2. ginkgo: 36 hrs 3. ginseng: 7 dys 4. st. johns wort: 5 dys |
