Clinical Kinesiology And Anatomy-- Chapter 2-Skeletal System

Front 1

Axial skeleton

Back 1

Forms the upright part of the body. It consists of approximately 80 bones of the head, thorax, and trunk.

Front 2

Appendicular skeleton

Back 2

Attaches to the axial skeleton and contains the 126 bones of the extremities

Front 3

Compact bone

Back 3

Makes up a hard, dense outer shell. Always completely covers bone and tends to be thick along the shaft and thin at the ends of long bones.

Front 4

Cancellous bone

Back 4

the porous and spongy inside portion called trabeculae

Front 5

Epiphysis

Back 5

The are at each end of a long bone; tends to be wider than the shaft. In adult bone it is osseous

Front 6

Epiphyseal plate

Back 6

In growing bone, the epiphysis is cartilaginous material. Longitudinal growth occurs here through the manufacturing of new bone.

Front 7

Diaphysis

Back 7

Main shaft of bone. Made up of mostly compact bone, which gives it great strength.

Front 8

Medullary canal

Back 8

Hollow, which among other features, decreases the weight of the bone. Contains marrow and provides passage for nutrient arteries

Front 9

Endosteum

Back 9

a membrane that lines the medullary canal. Contains osteoclasts

Front 10

Osteoclasts

Back 10

responsible for bone absorption

Front 11

Metaphysis

Back 11

The flared part at each end of the diaphysis. Made up mostly of cancellous bone and functions to support epiphysis

Front 12

Periosteum

Back 12

the thin fibrous membrane covering all of the bone except the articular surfaces that are covered with hyaline cartilage.

Front 13

Pressure epiphysis

Back 13

Located at the ends of long bones, where they receive pressure from the opposing bone making up that joint. This is where growth of long bones occurs

Front 14

Traction epiphysis

Back 14

Located where tendons attach to bones and are subjected to a pulling, or traction, force

Front 15

Long bones

Back 15

The largest bones in the body and make up most of the appendicular skeleton.

Front 16

Short bones

Back 16

have more equal dimensions of height, length, and width, giving them a cube shape.

Ex: bones of the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals)

Front 17

Flat bones

Back 17

Have a very broad surface but are not very thick. Tend to have a curved surface rather than a flat one. Made up of two layers of compact bone with cancellous bone and marrow in between.

Ex: Illium and scapula

Front 18

Irregular bones

Back 18

Have a variety of mixed shapes. Composed of cancellous bone and morrow encased in a thin layer compact bone.

Ex: Vertebrae and sacrum

Front 19

Sesamoid bone

Back 19

Resembles the shape of sesame seeds, are small bones located where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the extremities. They develop within the tendon and protect it from excessive wear.

Front 20

Fracture

Back 20

It is break in the continuity of the bony cortex caused by direct force, indirect force, or pathology.

Front 21

Osteoporosis

Back 21

A condition characterized by loss of normal bone density, or bone mass. This condition can weaken a bone to the point it will fracture.

Front 22

Osteomyelitis

Back 22

An infection of the bone usually caused by bacteria.

Front 23

Legg- Calve- Perthes disease and slipped femoral capital epiphysis

Back 23

the proximal head of the femur is a common site for problems at the pressure epiphysis

Front 24

Osgood- Schlatter disease

Back 24

A common condition at traction epiphysis of the tibial tuberosity in children whose bones are still growing.