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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is associated with unilateral headaches?
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Migrane and cluster headaches
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Where do tension headaches arise from?
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Temporal areas
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Where might cluster headaches be?
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Retro-orbital
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Nausea and vomiting are common with what?
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Migraines, but may also occur with brain tumors
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Coughing or sneezing can make what worse?
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Brain tumors and acute sinusitis
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If a person has chronic daily headaches and is taking symptomatic medications, what is this a sign of?
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Medication overuse
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hyperopia
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farsightedness (hard to see close objects)
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presbyopia
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aging vision
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myopia
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nearsightedness (hard to see far objects)
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Sudden unilateral vision loss that is painless
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Could be vitreous hemorrhage from diabetes or trauma, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, retinal vein occlusion, or central artery occlusion.
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Sudden painful unilateral vision loss
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Usually in the cornea and anterior chamber; corneal ulcer, uveitis, traumatic hyphema, and acute glaucoma
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Sudden bilateral painless vision loss
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Medications that change refraction such as cholinergics, anticholinergics, and steroids
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Sudden bilateral painful vision loss
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Chemical or radiation exposures
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Gradual bilateral vision loss
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Cataracts or macular degeneration
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Slow central loss in visual field
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Nuclear cataract, macular degeneration
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Peripheral loss in visual field
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Advanced open-angle glaucoma
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One-sided visual field loss
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Hemianopsia and quadrantic defects
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Moving specks or strands
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vitreous floaters
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Fixed defects
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Lesions in the retina or visual pathways
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Flashing or new vitreous floaters
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Detachment of vitreous from retina
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Diplopia
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Arises from a lesion in the brainstem or cerebellum, or from weakness or paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles
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Horizontal Diplopia
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Palsy of CN 3 or 6
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Vertical Diplopia
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Palsy of CN 3 or 4
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Diplopia with one eye closed
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Problem in cornea or lens
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Fine hair at the eyebrows accompanies what?
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Hyperthyroidism
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Coarse hair at the eyebrows is found in what?
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Hypothyroidism
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What does 20/200 mean?
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That at 20 feet, a person could read print that a normal person could read at 200 feet
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Patient cannot see fingers until they cross gaze
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Left or Right temporal hemianopsia
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Loss of right nasal field and left temporal field
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homonymous hemianopsia
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Loss of vision on both temporal fields
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Bitemporal hemianopsia
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Loss of vision in an upper quadrant
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Quadrantic Defects
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Enlarged blind spot
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Happens in conditions affecting the optic field, such as glaucoma, optic neuritis, and papilledema
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Abnormal protrusion
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Graves' disease or ocular tumors
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Eyebrows are scaly
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seborrheic dermatitis
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Red inflamed lid margins, often with crusting
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Blepharitis
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What happens when the eyelids can't close?
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The corneas get exposed to serious damage
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Increased production of tears
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conjunctival inflammation, corneal irritation
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Impaired drainage of tears
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ectropion, nasolacrimal duct obstruction
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Yellow sclera
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Jaundice
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Local redness in sclera
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Nodular episcleritis, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
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The iris bows abnormally forward; this increases the risk for what?
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Narrow angle glaucoma
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Miosis
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constriction of pupils
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Mydriasis
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Dilation
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Asymmetry of corneal reflection
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Deviation of normal ocular alignment
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Poor convergence
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Hyperthyroidism
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Contraindications for mydriatic drops
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Head injury and coma; any suspicion of narrow angle glaucoma
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Absence of the red reflex
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Opacity of the lens, or possibly the vitreous; occasionaly detached retina
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Loss of venous pulsations in the fundoscopic exam in head trauma, meningitis, and mass lesions
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Early sign of elevated intracranial pressure
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Macular degeneration types
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Atrophic (more common and less severe) and wet exudative. Might see drunsen
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Superficial Retinal hemorrhages are seen in what diseases?
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Severe hypertension, pailledema, and occlusion of the retinal vein.
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What might be a cause of a preretinal hemorrhage?
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Intracranial pressure
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Microaneurysms can result from what?
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Diabetic Retinopathy
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What is neovascularization from?
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Diabetic Retinopathy
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