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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of the Dentition Assessment? |
- Along with the periodontal evaluation and assessment, it aids the clinician in determining the Pt's current dental health status and their needs for optimum oral health and well-being. * Dental hygiene therapy needs * Restorative needs * Referral needs - Baseline for future assessment and re-evaluation of dental hygiene therapy and restorative treatment |
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What is documentation of the dentition used for? |
- Treatment Planning - Communication with patient and insurance companies - Legal Documentation - Forensic Uses - Financial Audits - Quality Assurance Audits |
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What are the components of the dentition assessment? |
- Missing teeth - Malposed teeth, supernumerary teeth, anomalies - Occlusion, overbite, overjet, crossbite - Tooth wear such as attrition, abfraction, erosion - Oral habits such as clenching, grinding, - Pathology |
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What conclusions can be drawn from the dentition assessment? |
- Caries Risk Assessment - Treatment that can be done at CBC clinic - Referral for treatment * General Dentist * Specialist Referral -- Orthodontist -- Endodontist -- Periodontist -- Oral surgeon |
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What is the first step to the dentition assessment? |
Writing it all down on paper - EO/IO Exam Sheet * Occlusion, overbite, overjet, crossbite, tooth anomalies - Purple Dental Exam Sheet * Missing teeth, existing restorations, pathology - Periodontal Charting Sheet * Graphic representation of findings |
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When charting on paper, what do we document on the EO/IO Exams sheet? |
- Occlusion - Overbite - Overjet - Crossbite - Tooth wear - Tooth anomalies |
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When charting on paper, what do we document on the purple Dental Exam Notes sheet? |
- Missing teeth - Existing restorations - Pathology
* We have it confirmed by the Dr. and then write what the Dr. recommends for treatment. * |
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What is Dental Charting? |
- The GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION of the condition of a Pt's. teeth on a specific date * Based on clinical evaluation * Based on radiographic assessment * Based on the Pt's report of symptoms |
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What are the Numbering Systems used in dentistry? |
- Universal Numbering System: * officially adopted by the ADA and most widely used (1-32 or A-T) - International Numbering System * First digit indicates quadrant (1-4 or 5-8), second indicates specific tooth type (1-8 or 1-5) - Palmer System * Horizontal/Vertical lines indicates quadrant ( i.e. reversed L for maxillary right, L for maxillary left, etc), digit represents specific tooth type (1-8 ) |
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What are the two types of charting? |
- Anatomic charting: drawn representations of the tooth
- Geometric charting: Circles with X dividing the representation into M/D/L/B and a smaller central circle indicating O |
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How can the dentition be divided? |
- By sextant ( R Posteriors, Anteriors, L Posteriors for each arch) - By quadrant (R and L for each arch divided between the central incisors) |
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What teeth are in the Primary Dentition and when do they erupt? |
- Central incisors (Mand: 6-10 mo, Max: 8-12 mo) - Lateral incisors (Mand: 10-16 mo, Max: 9-13 mo) - Canines (Mand: 17-23 mo, Max: 16-22 mo) - First molars (Mand: 14-18 mo, Max: 13-19 mo) - Second molars (Mand: 23-31 mo, Max 25-33 mo) |
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What teeth are present at age 5? |
- Primary incisors, canines, and molars
* There are no premolars in the primary dentition * |
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What is mixed dentition? |
- A combination of some primary teeth and some permanent teeth |
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Between what age does primary teeth erupt? What are the first 6 permanent teeth to erupt between 6-7? |
- Age 2 1/2 - 5 1/2
- First mandibular molars distal to second primary molars and mandibular incisors |
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What teeth erupt between age 7-8? |
- Maxillary central inscisors, mandibular lateral inscisors, and maxillary lateral inscisors |
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What teeth erupt between age 10-11? |
-Mandibular first premolars, maxillary first premolars, and mandibular canines |
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What teeth erupt between age 12-13? |
- Mandibular second premolars, maxillary canines, maxillary second premolars and mandibular and maxillary second molars |
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What teeth are in the permanent dentition and when do they erupt? |
- Central incisors (Mand: 6-7 yr, Max: 7-8 yr) - Lateral incisors (Mand: 7-8 yr, Max: 8-9 yr) - Canines (Mand: 9-10 yr, Max: 11-12 yr) - First premolars (Mand: 10-12 yr, Max: 10-11 yr) - Second premolars (Mand: 11-12 yr, Max: 10-12 yr) - First molars (Mand: 6-7 yr, Max: 6-7 yr) - Second molars (Mand: 11-13 yr, Max: 12-13 yr) - Third molars (Mand: 17-21 yr, Max: 17-21 yr) |
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What is the definition of Occlusion? |
- The relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth as the arches are brought together |
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What is the definition of Ideal Occlusion? |
- The ideal relationship between the teeth of the two arches |
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What is the definition of Malocclusion? |
- Any deviation from ideal, or groups of teeth or individual teeth in relation to adjacent teeth |
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Why is the way teeth occlude during chewing and speaking important? |
- For appearance - For comfort - For heath of the individual |
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What can malocclusion (a variation of normal growth and development) affect? |
- The bite/chewing - Ability to maintain plaque control - speech development and speaking - Appearance |
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What is Functional Occlusion? |
- The contact between maxillary and mandibular teeth during mastication and/or swallowing (also called Dynamic occlusion) |
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What is Centric Relationship? |
- The most unstrained, retruded position of the jaw where the heads of the condyles are in the glenoid fossa of the TMJ |
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What is Centric Occlusion? |
- The relationship of the opposing occlusal surfaces that provides the maximum contact and/or intercuspidation (1-2mm anterior to Centric Relationship) |
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The Angle's Classification was established by whom, when, and based on what? What were considered the indicators for assessing the occlusion and why? |
- Established by Dr. Edward Angle in 1887 - Based on the principle that the maxillary first molars are the keys to occlusion
- The permanent first molars and the canines were considered the indicators for assessing occlusion because of their stability in the arch |
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In a normal occlusion, what is the relationship between the molars and the canines? |
- The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary permanent first molar occludes with the buccal groove of the mandibular permanent first molar
- The maxillary permanent canine occludes with the distal half of the mandibular canine and the mesial half of the mandibular first premolar.
- The buccal cusps of maxillary teeth overlap the opposing mandibular teeth |
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To help differentiate between Class I, II, and III Malocclusion, what phrase should be remembered? |
"The mand. groove moves back and forth" |
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What is the Class I Malocclusion? |
- Relationship between the molars and canines are similar to those in normal occlusion - The mal-relationship is improper positioning between individual teeth or groups of teeth * Examples: crowded anterior teeth, overbites, open bite, end to end bite, cross bite, or mesial drifting of teeth. |
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What is Class II Malocclusion? |
- Buccal groove of the mandibular first molar is distal to the mesiobuccal cust of the maxillary first molar by the with of a premolar - The distal surface of the mandibular canine is distal to the mesial surface of the maxillary canine by the width of a premolar |
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What is Class III Malocclusion |
- Buccal groove of the mandibular first molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar by the with if a premolar - the distal surface of the mandibular canine is mesial to the mesial surface of the maxillary canine by the with of a premolar
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What is Crossbite Malocclusion? |
- Bilateral Posterior Crossbite is when the mandibular molars are lingual or buccal to normal on both sides. Unilateral Posterior Crossbite is when one side is normal and the other side is lingual or buccal to normal.
- Anterior Crossbite is when one or more of the mandibular anterior teeth are located facial to the maxillary anterior teeth |
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What is an open bite? |
- Lack of incisoral or occlusal contact. Can be posterior or anterior but usually seen in the anterior. |
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What is edge to edge bite? |
- Incisal surfaces occlude instead of maxillary overlap. |
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What is end to end bite? |
-Molars are in a cusp to cusp occlusion |
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What is overjet? How is it measured? |
- Measurable horizontal distance between the incisal edge of the maxillary incisors and the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors. - Measured in mm w/ a probe |
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What is overbite? How is it measured? |
- vertical overlap of the maxillary incisors to the mandibular incisors. - Measured in slight (normal- within incisal 1/3), moderate (within middle 1/3) or severe (within cervical 1/3) - called a closed bite when mandibular teeth hit the gingival tissue of the maxillary arch. |
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What is Torsoversion? |
- Individual tooth turned or rotated mesially or distally |
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What is labioversion? |
- Individual tooth is positioned labial to the normal position in the arch (anteriors) |
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What is buccoversion? |
- Individual tooth is positioned buccal to the normal position in the arch (posteriors) |
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What is supraversion? |
- Individual tooth is positioned above the normal line of occlusion |
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What is infraversion? |
- Individual tooth is positioned below the normal line of occlusion |
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What is occlusal trauma, primary trauma and secondary trauma? |
- Force capable of producing pathologic changes to the periodontium. Not directed through supporting structures. - Excessive force to the tooth with normal, healthy supporting structures - Normal forces to the tooth with inadequate supporting structures |
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What are sines of occlusal trauma? |
- Mobility - Fremitus - Sensitivity of the teeth to pressure, percussion and/or cold - Pathologic migration - Wear facets, atypical occlusal wear - Open contacts related to food impaction - Neuromuscular disturbances in muscles of mastication including spasms - TMJ symptoms |
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What is fremitus? How is it assessed and what is noted? |
- The vibration or movement of the teeth when in contacting positions
- To asses fremitus, the clinician places their index finger along the facial aspects of the cervical 1/3 of each maxillary tooth and the patient is asked to tap the teeth together - Teeth that are displaced (move_ are identified and noted?
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What are functional contacts? |
- Normal contacts between maxillary and mandibular teeth during chewing and swallowing |
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What are proximal contacts? |
- Function to stabilize the position of the teeth in the arches |
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What are parafunctional contacts? |
- Outside the normal range of function * Occlusal habits of neurosis * Potentially injurious to periodontium only in presence of bacteria * Create wear facets and attrition -- Tooth to tooth -- Tooth to hard object -- Tooth to oral tissues |
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What is mesiognathic? What is Retrognathic? What is prognathic? |
- Facial profile of normal occlusion or Class I malocclusion
- Facial profile of Class II malocclusion
- Facial profile of Class III malocclusion |
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What do developmental anomalies arise from? What is the extent dependent upon? |
- May arise from disruption in a stage of a tooth development * Local * Systemic * Hereditary
- Dependent upon: * Stage of development * Duration of the disruption * Nature of the assault |
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What is Hyperdontia? What is Hypodontia? |
- Presence of extra teeth * Supernumarary are extra teeth of abnormal shape -- Mesiodens -- Natal and neonatal * Supplemental teeth are extra teeth of normal shape
- Absence of one or more teeth - also called anodontia |
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which anomalies include the whole tooth? |
- Macrodontia (abnormally large) - Microdontia (abnormally small) - Gemination - Dens in dente - Dilaceration |
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What is Dense in dente? Where is it usually seen? How is it often seen? |
- A tooth within a tooth caused by infagination of the enamel organ during development - most frequently observed on the lingual aspect of the maxillary incisors - Often see a deep crevice on the lingual |
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What is dilaceration? Where is it usually seen? What problems can this cause? |
- A sever distortion of the crown or root caused by trauma during formation - Usually seen in severely angulated root - Can cause problems if the tooth needs extration |
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What is gemination? What does it result in? |
- A large tooth results from the splitting of a single tooth germ that attempts to form two teeth - This results in a partially or completely divided crown attached to a single root with one canal |
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What is Mesiodens? |
- A supernumerary tooth located between the maxillary or mandibular incisors - It may be fully formed or have only portions of the crown or root |
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What is dens evaginatus? What does it contain and what is it subject? |
- Small mass of enamel or accessory cusp projecting on the occlusal surface of molars and premolars - Contains normal pulp and is subject to occlusal wear |
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What is emanel hypoplasia and what does it cause? What is enamel hypocalcification and what does it cause? |
- Disturbance of the ameloblasts that causes rough, striated enamel surface
- Disturbance during mineralization that causes white spots on smooth enamel |
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What is amelogenesis imperfecta? What does it cause? |
- A formation of enamel dysplasia resulting from hereditary factors - Partial or total malfomation of the enamel - The dentin and pulp develop normally but the enamel is easily chipped or worn away |
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What is Fluorosis? How is it measured? |
- When excessive amounts of systemic fluoride are responsible for enamel hypoplasia or hypocalcification - Measured as mild, moderate or severe |
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What is dentinogenesis imperfecta? What does it result in? |
- Irregular formation or absence of dentinal development - Dentin is softer than normal - Enamel breaks away easily and the teeth are prone to rapid wear and dental hypersensitivity |
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What is a Talon Cusp? What does it have? |
- An extra, well-demarcated cusp found on the lingual surfaces of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth - Has well-developed enamel and dentin but varying levels of pulp tissue |
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What are the acquired tooth damages? |
- Attrition - Abrasion - Erosion - Abfraction - Tooth fractures - Dental caries |
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What is attrition? What is it caused by? What may be needed to restore the teeth? |
- Tooth to tooth wear - Excessive wear may be caused by grinding, clenching or bruxism - Full coverage crowns may be needed to restore teeth |
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What is Erosion What is it caused by? What habits may it occur from? |
- Loss of tooth surface as a result of chemical agents - May also be caused from excessive vomiting from eating disorders - May occur from habits such as sucking lemons or holding lozenges in the mucobuccal fold |
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What is abrasion? What does it appear as? What may occlusal obrasion be seen on? What may also cause it? What diets/environment may contribute to it? |
- Tooth wear due to foreign substances - usually traumatic tooth brushing - Appears as notches worn into the teeth at the gumline - Occlusal abrasion may be seen on teeth opposing porcelain crowns - May also occure from holding objects such as pipes and pins with the teeth - Coarse diets and dusty environments may also contribute to the wear |
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What is abfraction? What causes it? |
-Disruption of chemical bonds between enamel rods occurs resulting in crystals that are more susceptible to breakage and chemical dissolution
- Caused by lateral occlusal forces that created tensile and compressive forces at the cervical area of the tooth |
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Which findings should be documented prior to the dental exam so they can be taken into consideration as the treatment plan is created? |
- All findings * Missing and malposed teeth * Occlusion, occlusal wear and oral habits * Ortho and periodontal treatments and surgeries * Pathology from clinical and radiographic exams |
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What information must be taken into consideration as the treatment plan is created? What is determined? What is the final step? |
-Information from the Dental History interview as well as the Medical History interview must be taken into consideration as the Treatment Plan is created
- Risk assessments are determined - Priorities are determined - Necessary referrals are determined
- Final step is the Treatment Plan |
