Clinical Chemistry Test 2: The Liver And Biliruben

Front 1

How much of your liver do you need to be functioning to sustain life?

Back 1

10-20% (highly redundant system)

Front 2

How quickly do hepatocytes turnover?

Back 2

Every 24 hours, so regeneration is the first nutritional priority

Front 3

How many lobes does the liver have?

Back 3

Four

Front 4

The hepatic artery delivers what to the liver?

Back 4

Oxygen

Front 5

The hepatic portal vein delivers what to the liver?

Back 5

Nutrients

Front 6

Name the two most important carbohydrate metabolism functions of the liver.

Back 6

1) Gluconeogenesis
2) Glycogen synthesis and breakdown

Front 7

Name the 6 most important fat metabolism functions of the liver.

Back 7

1) Fatty acid synthesis
2) Cholesterol synthesis/excretion
3) Lipoprotein synthesis
4) Ketogenesis
5) Bile acid synthesis
6) Hydroxylization of Vitamin D

Front 8

Name the two most important protein metabolism functions of the liver.

Back 8

1) Synthesis of plasma proteins/clotting factors
2) Urea synthesis

Front 9

Name the two most important hormone metabolism functions of the liver.

Back 9

1) Metabolism/excretion of steroid hormones
2) Metabolism of peptide hormones

Front 10

What organ metabolizes and excretes biliruben?

Back 10

Liver

Front 11

What does the liver primarily store?

Back 11

GLycogen, Vitamin A/B12, Iron

Front 12

What important function of the liver is utilized when the body undergoes significant blood loss?

Back 12

Blood reservoir- holds about 650 ml of blood

Front 13

In liver glucose metabolism, glucose is taken in in the form of ___________, glycogen, monosaccharides, or ______________. It is stored as ______________ in the body. It is distributed and used as _________ ___________.

Back 13

Starch
Disaccharides
Glycogen
Free Glucose

Front 14

What important toxic compound does the liver eliminate in the urea cycle?

Back 14

NH3

Front 15

What is the primary component of biliruben and where is its primary source?

Back 15

Heme groups; RBCs

Front 16

When biliruben is released into the blood, what are its two fates?

Back 16

1) Binding to albumin
2) Transport to the liver for further processing

Front 17

True or false: biliruben is highly water soluble.

Back 17

False; water insoluble

Front 18

True or false: Biliruben glucaronide and biliruben diglucaronide are both water soluble.

Back 18

True

Front 19

What deconjugates and metabolizes biliruben to urobilinogen?

Back 19

Gut microflora

Front 20

True or false: Biliruben should NEVER be seen in the urine because of Enterohepatic Recirculation.

Back 20

True

Front 21

How much biliruben is produced each day?

Back 21

300 mg

Front 22

What is the major form of biliruben found in the blood?

Back 22

Unconjugated, but loosely bound to albumin

Front 23

Is the presence of BGG in the urine always pathological?

Back 23

Yes.