Clinical Chemistry Lipids & Lipoproteins

Front 1

Lipids & Lipoproteins are organic substances ________ in water.

Back 1

Insoluble

Front 2

Lipids & Lipoproteins are organic substances __________ in organic solvents.

Back 2

Soluble

Front 3

The four human plasma lipids are:

Back 3

Cholesterol
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Non-Esterified fatty acids

Front 4

Lipids combine with protein in the liver to form ______.

Back 4

Lipoprotein.

Transport

Front 5

Low density lipoproteins are _____%.

Back 5

60-70%

Front 6

High density lipoproteins are _____%.

Back 6

20-35%

Front 7

Very Low lipoproteins are _____%.

Back 7

5-12%

Front 8

A protein portion of the lipoproteins:

Back 8

Apolipoprotein

Front 9

Apolipoprotein A is the major protein of _______.

Back 9

HDL

Front 10

Apolipoprotein B is the major protein of _______.

Back 10

LDL

Front 11

Apolipoprotein C is the major protein of _______.

Back 11

VLDL and chylomicrons

minor protein of HDL & LDL

Front 12

LDL brings cholesterol ____ the cells.

Back 12

INTO

Front 13

HDL brings cholesterol ___ of the cells.

Back 13

OUT

Front 14

The primary form of lipid storage?

Back 14

Triglycerides

Front 15

Chylomicrons and VLDL transport ________.

Back 15

Triglycerides

Front 16

Chylomicrons are considered to be __________

Back 16

exogenous dietary triglycerides

Front 17

VLDL are considered to be __________

Back 17

endogenous triglycerides

Front 18

Precursor to steroid hormones?

Back 18

Cholesterol

Front 19

LDL transports _______ to cells.

Back 19

Cholesterol

Front 20

HDL transport cholesterol ____ of cells.

Back 20

OUT

Front 21

Tryglicerides are transported in the form of

Back 21

lipoproteins

Front 22

The four classes of lipoproteins are:

Back 22

chylomicrons
LDL
HDL
VLDL

Front 23

The lipid triglyceride is transported by ______ and ____.

Back 23

Chylomicrons and VLDL

Front 24

The lipid cholesterol is transported by ____ and ____.

Back 24

HDL and LDL.

Front 25

The lipoprotein chylomicrons are transported by lipids of ______ __________.

Back 25

exogenous (dietary) triglycerides

Front 26

The lipoprotein VLDL are transported by lipids of ______ ______.

Back 26

endogenous triglycerides

Front 27

The lipoprotein HDL are transported by lipids of _________ out of cell (heart).

Back 27

cholesterol

Front 28

The lipoprotein LDL are transported by lipids of _________ into cell (heart).

Back 28

cholesterol

Front 29

A _____ hour fast is required for lipid testing.

Back 29

12 hour fast

Front 30

Non-fasting may cause a turbid layer of ______ on top following refrigeration.

Back 30

chylomicrons
(abnormal finding in fasting specimens)

Front 31

Non fasting may cause an ____ of triglycerides.

Back 31

Increase

Front 32

Cholesterol is enzymatically measured by ______ _____.

Back 32

Cholesterol oxidase

Front 33

Triglycerides is enzymatically measured by liberating _____ by ______

Back 33

liberation of glycerol by lipase

Front 34

False elevation of triglycerides can be due to ____ contamination.

Back 34

Glycerol contamination from stoppers of tubes or ingestion of glyerol-coated medication

Front 35

The measurement of HDLc without pretreatment is considered a _____ assay.

Back 35

Direct/Homogenous Assay

Front 36

The measurement of HDLc with an indirect method removes the chlomicrons, VLDL, and LDL by __________.

Back 36

preciptation

Analyze supernatant for HDLc

Front 37

The reference method is ___________.

Back 37

Ultracentrifugation

Separates lipoproteins by their rates of flotation

Front 38

The calculation of LDLc and VLDLc is the ________ method

Back 38

Friedewald method

Front 39

The Friedewald method cannot be used when ____________.

Back 39

Triglycerides >400mg/dL

Front 40

(Total chol)-(HDLc)-(TG/5)=

Back 40

LDLc

Total cholesterol-HDLc-VLDL=LDLc

Front 41

(plasma TG in mg/dL)/5=

Back 41

VLDLc

Front 42

The total cholesterol goal from a lipid screening should be _______.

Back 42

<200mg/dL

Front 43

The HDLc goal from a lipid screening should be ______.

Back 43

>35mg/dL

Front 44

The triglyceride goal from a lipid screening should be _______.

Back 44

<150mg/dL

Front 45

If levels of lipid screening are outside goals, follow-up testing should include ________ and _________.

Back 45

A 12 hour fasting sample and a lipoprotein analysis

Front 46

Treatment is based on the ____ results from lipoprotein analysis and other risk factors.

Back 46

LDLc

Front 47

Risk factors for heart disease include:

Back 47

family history, age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension