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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define lipids
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biological compounds that are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water
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List the biological functions of lipids
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metabolic fuel
building block for cell membrane insulation & buffer against injury hormones vitamins |
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state the clinically important lipids
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cholesterol
triglycerides bile acid/salt prostaglandins |
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Cholesterol use in assessing clinical disorders
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assess risk of developing CAD
management of diabetes mellitus |
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Triglycerides use in assessing clinical disorders
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assess risk of CAD
management of diabetes mellitus malabsorption disorder |
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Bile acid/salt use in assessing clinical disorders
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assessment of liver function
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State the main types of cholesterol fractions
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HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol
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What are the pre-analytical factors that can affect blood cholesterol
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Diet, exercise, age, sex, race, stress
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principle of the routine method used to determine total cholesterol
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cholesterol esterase
1)cholesterol ester -------------cholesterol + fatty acid Cholesterol Oxidase 2)cholesterol +O2--------------Cholesterol-3-one + H2O2 3) 2H2O2 + trinder's reagent peroxidase + p-HBS--------------- Quinoneimine + H2O (Red Dye) |
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Principle of the method used to determine HDL cholesterol
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VLDL& LDL are removed with a precipitating reagent PEG, centrfugation allows supernatant to be removed then the HDL cholesterol assayed as for total cholesterol
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Principle of the method used to determine LDL cholesterol
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determination of LDL via calculation
LDL=total cholesteol -(HDL+Triglycerides/2.175)mmol/L direct method LDL separated via immunoseparation reagent which binds with HDL &VLDL, centrifugation isolates LDL then assayed with enzymatic cholesterol method |
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What are the limitations of the LDL calculation method
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-it is unreliable when triglyceride values > 3.39mmol/L
-the precipitating reagent used for HDL can affect the value |
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what are the risk factors for developing CHD
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increase serum lipids
hypertension cigarette smoking diabetes mellitus obesity |
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Bile acid/salt use in assessing clinical disorders
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assessment of liver function
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Principle of the method used to determine Triglycerides
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Lipase
1)TG---------glycerol+ fatty acids GK 2)glycerol+ATP------glycerol-3-phosphate+ADP G3PO4 3)G3P+O2----------Dihydroxacetone phosphate+H2O2 4)2H2O2 + trinder's reagent peroxidase + p-HBS--------------- Quinoneimine + H2O (Red Dye) |
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State the main types of cholesterol fractions
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HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol
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what are lipoprotiens
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spherical macromolecules made of lipids and proteins (apoproteins)
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What are the pre-analytical factors that can affect blood cholesterol
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Diet, exercise, age, sex, race, stress
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principle of the routine method used to determine total cholesterol
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cholesterol esterase
1)cholesterol ester -------------cholesterol + fatty acid Cholesterol Oxidase 2)cholesterol +O2--------------Cholesterol-3-one + H2O2 3) 2H2O2 + trinder's reagent peroxidase + p-HBS--------------- Quinoneimine + H2O (Red Dye) |
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Principle of the method used to determine HDL cholesterol
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VLDL& LDL are removed with a precipitating reagent PEG, centrfugation allows supernatant to be removed then the HDL cholesterol assayed as for total cholesterol
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Principle of the method used to determine LDL cholesterol
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determination of LDL via calculation
LDL=total cholesteol -(HDL+Triglycerides/2.175)mmol/L direct method LDL separated via immunoseparation reagent which binds with HDL &VLDL, centrifugation isolates LDL then assayed with enzymatic cholesterol method |
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What are the limitations of the LDL calculation method
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-it is unreliable when triglyceride values > 3.39mmol/L
-the precipitating reagent used for HDL can affect the value |
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what are the risk factors for developing CHD
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increase serum lipids
hypertension cigarette smoking diabetes mellitus obesity |
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Principle of the method used to determine Triglycerides
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Lipase
1)TG---------glycerol+ fatty acids GK 2)glycerol+ATP------glycerol-3-phosphate+ADP G3PO4 3)G3P+O2----------Dihydroxacetone phosphate+H2O2 4)2H2O2 + trinder's reagent peroxidase + p-HBS--------------- Quinoneimine + H2O (Red Dye) |
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what are lipoprotiens
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spherical macromolecules made of lipids and proteins (apoproteins)
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what are the 4 classes of apoproteins
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apo-A, B, C and E
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main functions of apoproteins
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-promotes solubility of lipids
-activation of enzymes eg. lipase & LCAT -aids in cellular uptake of lipids |
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what are the 5 classes of lipoproteins
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chylomicron
VLDL IDL LDL HDL |
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migration pattern of the lipoproteins on an electrophoretic strip
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chylomicron - origin
LDL- beta VLDL- pre beta HDL- alpha |
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Apo A is the major protien of
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HDL
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Apo B is the major protien of
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LDL
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Apo C is the major protien of
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VLDL & Chylomicrons
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Non-fasting may cause a turbid layer of ______ on top following refrigeration.
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chylomicrons
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Cholesterol is enzymatically measured by
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cholesterol oxidase
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the lipid triglyceride is transported by
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chylomicrons and VLDL
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liver is the main source of _____
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endogenous lipids
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cholesterol synthesized _____and ______
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in the liver and from chylomicron remnant
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LDL is ________ of total cholesterol
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70%
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______is the only organ that ______ cholesterol via _____
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liver, excretes cholesterol in the form of bile
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HDL transports cholesterol _______ of cells
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out
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LDL transports cholesterol ___ cells
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into
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increase LDL can lead to_____
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atherosclerosis
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_______is the storage for lipids
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triglycerides
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where are triglycerides stored
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adipose tissues
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what are chylomicrons
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lipoproteins that aids in the transport of cholesterol ester and triglycerides
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