Clinical Chemistry - Chapter 1 - Basic Principles And Practices

Front 1

The prefix femto correlates to a factor of:

Back 1

10^-15

Front 2

The prefix micro correlates to a factor of:

Back 2

10^-6

Front 3

The prefix milli correlates to a factor of:

Back 3

10^-3

Front 4

The prefix centi correlates to a factor of:

Back 4

10^-2

Front 5

The prefix deci correlates to a factor of:

Back 5

10^-1

Front 6

Lab results are often expressed as concentration (moles) or mass (mg/dL, g/L, mmol/L and IU) rather than SI units

Back 6

Lab results are often expressed as concentration (moles) or mass (mg/dL, g/L, mmol/L and IU) rather than SI units

Front 7

Deionized water:

Back 7

Purified by ion exchange (some or all ions removed); NOT pure or sterile

Front 8

Reverse osmosis:

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Water runs across asemipermeable membrane

Front 9

Lab requirements generally call for ____________ grade water

Back 9

reagent

Front 10

Solute:

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Substance dissolved in a liquid

Front 11

Analytes:

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Solutes or what is being tested

Front 12

Solvent:

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Liquid in which solute is dissolved

Front 13

Solution

Back 13

Solute plus solvent

Front 14

Molarity (M):

Back 14

M= moles/L where a mole = gram/gmw

Front 15

Molality (m):

Back 15

Amount of solute/1 kg of solvent

Front 16

Normality

Back 16

The number of gram equivalent weights per 1 L ofsolution, where an equivalent weight is the gmw divided by its valencei^h��

Front 17

Redox potential measures:

Back 17

The ability of solution toaccept/donate electrons

Front 18

Conductivity measures:

Back 18

how well electricitypasses through a solution

Front 19

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that:

Back 19

opposes osmosis

Front 20

Vapor pressure is the pressure at which:

Back 20

the liquid solvent is inequilibrium with the water vapor

Front 21

Freezing point is the temperature at which:

Back 21

the vapor pressure ofsolid and liquid are the same

Front 22

Boiling point is the temperature at which:

Back 22

the vapor pressure ofsolvent reaches 1 atm.

Front 23

pH is the inverse log of ___________________ concentration.

Back 23

hydrogen ion

Front 24

Buffers are:

Back 24

Weak acids/bases and their related salts thatminimize changes in hydrogen ion concentration.

Front 25

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation describes:

Back 25

the dissociationcharacteristics of weak acids (pKa) and bases (pKb) and their effect on pH

Front 26

Normal blood pH =

Back 26

7.35-7.45

Front 27

Celsius to Fahrenheit:

Back 27

°C (9/5) + 32

Front 28

Fahrenheit to Celsius:

Back 28

(°F -32) 5/9

Front 29

Graduated pipettes:

Back 29

have marks indicatingvarious volumes (serologic)

Front 30

Transfer pipettes:

Back 30

designed to dispenseone volume without further subdivision (volumetric)

Front 31

What kind of pipette should be used when dilutingstandards, calibrators or QC materials?

Back 31

Transfer pipettes (volumetric)

Front 32

What type of pipette has the greatest degree of accuracy and precision?

Back 32

Transfer pipettes (volumetric)

Front 33

Dessicants are:

Back 33

drying agents thatremove moisture from air/substances; important in urinalysis dipstick reagents

Front 34

Centrifuge speed is measured using a _____________.

Back 34

tachometer

Front 35

In dialysis, a solution is put in a bag or on one side of a ____________________; larger moleculesremain in bag or on one side of membrane while smaller ones diffuse out.

Back 35

semipermeable membrane

Front 36

How many significant figures does 814.2 have and how is it written in scientific notation?

Back 36

4 significant figures; 8.142x10^2

Front 37

How many significant figures does 0.000641 have and how is it written in scientific notation?

Back 37

3 significant figures; 6.41x10^-4

Front 38

Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a material compared to the density of ____________.

Back 38

pure water.

Front 39

% w/w =

Back 39

grams solute/100 gsolution

Front 40

% w/v =

Back 40

grams solute / 100 mLsolution

Front 41

% v/v =

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mL solute / 100 mLsolution

Front 42

A dilution is the ratio of the patient sample to the _________________.

Back 42

total final volume (patient sample +diluent)

Front 43

Simple dilutions are commonly used when:

Back 43

lab result fallsabove linearity

Front 44

Serial dilutions are commonly used when:

Back 44

thevolume of sample/diluent is in short supply and needs to be minimized or whendetermining a titer.

Front 45

The Beer-Lambert Law is the relationship between:

Back 45

concentration andabsorbance

A = abc (where A = absorbance; a =absorptivity constant; b = length of light path; c = concentration)

Front 46

Plasma:

Back 46

liquid portion of anti-coagulated blood; green top tube(heparin)

Front 47

Serum:

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liquid portion of clotted blood; red top or gold top (SST)tubes

Front 48

Cerebral spinal fluid:

Back 48

test for protein and glucose to help determine ifthere is an infection (meningitis)

Front 49

Analytes impacted by hemolysis include:

Back 49

potassium, magnesium, LDH, iron

Front 50

One sample that requires light protection is:

Back 50

bilirubin

Front 51

Samples that need to be delivered on ice include:

Back 51

lactic acid, ammonia