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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hormone secreted by B cells of Islets of Langerhans of pancreas?
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Insulin
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Action of insulin: ________ serum glucose.
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Decrease.
-Stimulates gulcose uptake by cells. |
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Hormone secreted by alpha cells of pancreas?
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Glucagon
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Action of glucagon: ______ serum glucose.
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Increase.
-Stilmulates glycogenolysis (breadown of glycogen to glucose). |
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Glycogenolysis is the breadown of ________ to ________.
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Glycogen to Glucose.
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ACTH is secreted by the __________.
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Anterior pituitary
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Growth Hormone is secreted by the _________.
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Anterior pituitary.
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ACTH ________ glucose.
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Increase
Insulin antagonist. |
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Growth Hormone ______ gluocose.
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Increases
-Insulin antagonist -Acromegaly=hyperglycemia |
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Excess growth hormone is a condition known as ________.
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acromegaly
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Cortisol is secreted by the ________.
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Adrenal cortex
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Cortisol causes an _______ in glucose and stimulates ______________.
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Increase in glucose
Stimulates gluconeogenesis |
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Gluconeogensis is definied as glucose from a _____________ source.
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non-carbohydrate
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Epinephrine is secreted by the _________.
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Adrenal medulla
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Stimulates glycogenolysis and causes increase in glucose?
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Epinephrine
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The tumor of adrenal medulla which causes hyperglycemia is called a _________.
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Pleochromocytoma
Excess epinephrine |
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Glycogenolysis is stimulated by _______.
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Glucagon
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Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by ________..
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Cortisol
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Glycogenolysis is stimulated by ________.
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Epinephrine and T3 & T4
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T3 & T4 is secreted by __________
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Thyroid gland
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T3 & T4 _______ glucose and stimulates ___________.
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Increases glucose
Stimulates glycogenolysis |
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GAG CHET stands for:
All cause an increase in serum glucose |
Glucagon
ACTH Growth Hormone Cortisol Human Placental Lactogen Epinephrine T3 & T4 |
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Normal Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)?
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<100mg/dL
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Normal oral glucose tolerance test?
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2 hr PG <140mg/dL
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Diabetes Mellitus fasting plasma glucose?
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>126mg/dL
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Diabetes mellitus casual plasma glucose?
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>200mg/dL plus unexpected weigh loss, polyuria, polydipsia.
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Diabetes mellitus oral glucose tolerance test?
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2 hour PG >200mg/dL
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Gestational diabetes screen is called _______?
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O'Sullivan Test
50g screen, if at 1 hour glucose is >140mg/dL, then give 100g dose and compare fasting (1,2,3 hr levels to acceptable limits) |
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Standard oral glucose tolerance test dose?
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75 grams
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Test that reflects pancreatic secretion of insulin?
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C peptide
Proinsulin cleaved to give C peptide and Insulin. Reflects endogenous insulin production if patient is taking insulin*** |
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Test that detects small amounts of albumin in urine to assess early renal damage?
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Urinary Microalbumin
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Tube required for glucose testing?
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Gray top=sodium fluoride
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THe enzymatic method used on urine dipsticks?
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Glucose Oxidase
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Extremely high levels of ascorbic acid will interfere with _______ ______ enyzmatic method.
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glucose oxidase
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The reference method for glucose is?
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Hexokinase
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The enzymatic glucose methods are ________ reactions.
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coupled
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Hexokinase measures _______ directly at 340nm.
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NADPH
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The _______ ________ test evaluates the deficiency of lactase in small bowel.
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Lactose tolerance test
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To assess absorption and conversion to glucose, _______ is ingested and _______ is measured.
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lactose is ingested and blood glucose is measured
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In the xylose absorption test, _______ is absorbed and excreted into urine without need of pancreatic enzymes.
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pentose
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A low absorption of xylose indicates ______ _______.
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Intestinal malabsorption
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A normal absorption of xylose indicates _____-based malabsorption.
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pancreatic-based malaborption
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An indicator of oxygen deprivation?
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Lactic Acid
-exercise, drugs, disease |
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Lactic acid is the end product of ____ _____ when oxygen deprivation occurs.
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Glucose metabolism
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_____________ increases lactic acid levels.
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Glycolysis
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