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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cranial nerves
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2. Optic 3. Occulomotor 4. Trochlear 5. Trigeminal 6. Abducens 7. Facial 8. Auditory 9. Glossopharangeal 11. Spinal accessory 12. Hypoglossal |
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How to inspect eyes (8)
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2. Eyebrows 3. Eyelids 4. Lacrimal apparatus 5. Conjunctiva/ Sclerae 6. Cornea, Lens 7. Iris 8. Pupils |
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How to test CNII (3 tests)
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2. Visual fields - if defect, test one at a time 3. View retina |
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Describe defects of CNII
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2. Legally blind = 20/200 3. Anopsia - know lesion sites |
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CN II/III tests + what do abnormals mean.
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2. Pupillary (concensual) reaction to light. If flashed only gets smaller = CNIII lesion. If opposite eye constricts, CNII lesion. 3. Near response |
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Innervation of eye muscles. How to test??
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LR6, SO4 Rest are III Hit 6 cardinal directions (H shape), lid elevation. |
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Abnormals of occulomotor/CNIII
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1. Down and out = Superior oblique, Lateral rectus only left. CNIII paralysis. 2. Ptosis. (NOT lid lag) 3. Mydriasis. |
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CN IV abnormalities
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1. Vertical diplopia, esp. when reading 2. "UP and IN" appearance - SO lesioned |
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How to detect CN6 lesion
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Abducens Lateral deviation |
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How to inspect iris
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2. Look for crescentic shadow 3. If seen, indicates glaucoma |
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Pupil - 3 abnormalities, clinical correlate
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1. Miosis: constricted 2. Mydriasis: prolonged dilation 3. Anisocoria : if >5mm, <3mm, or unequal. PS contricts, sympathetic dilates. Argyll Roberson Pupils: Constricts w/focus on near object (near reaction) BUT not with light (concensual light reflex). CAUSES: Neurosyphilis, brain trauma, mitral regurgitation, thiamine (B1) deficiency |
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Horner's syndrome signs
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1. Miosis, anisicoria, ptosis, anhydrosis (decreased pupil size, pupil size difference, ptosis, sweating on one side) Common causes: CVA, tumor/spinal cord injury, carotid,neck injury, LUNG CANCER, idiopathic, migraines, heterochromia if congenital PANCOAST TUMOR: in apices of lung, can insult autonomic nervous system --> horner's. |
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Marcus Gunn Pupil
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Use swinging flashlight test Unhealthy eye will constrict less OR, if severe, dilate when shined on |
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Adie's pupil (Tonic - presentation, cause)
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PARASYMP. denservation. Loss of knee/ankle DTRs. |
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Describe types of strabismus (4) + How to test
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Cover affected eye. When uncovered, affected eye drifts back center. Cover unaffected eye. Unaffected will drift. |
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Nystagmus - presentation, meaning
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2. Normal in extreme lateral gaze, slightly 3. Seen in neurological disorders |
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Disorders seen under ophtalmoscope (2)
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1. Corneal arcus - normal aging, young African americans. Usually benign. White right. 2. Cataract: Clouded appearance in lens. 3. Diabetic retinopathy 4. Hypertensive retinopathy |
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Hypertensive retinopathy presentation
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Other abnormalities
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2. Subconjunctival hemorrhage - harmless |
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Label normal fundus
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