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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Synarthroses - Fibrous Joints
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Fibrous Joints
Minimal or no movement available Sliding/Gliding Bony surfaces united by dense fibrous tissue Suture = thin layer of fibrous tissue (skull) Gomphosis = peg in a hole with fibrous tissue (tooth) Syndesmosis (bone surfaces joined by ligament, cord or membrane) |
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Synarthroses - cartilagenous joints
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Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondrosis)
Minimal movement available Bending and Twisting Fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage unites bony surfaces Symphysis = fibrocartilage (pubis) or hyaline cartilage (1st sternocostal) |
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Diarthroses
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Diarthroses (freely movable bony components)
Typical Features: Joint capsule Joint cavity Synovial lining Synovial fluid Hyaline cartilage Accessory Features: Menisci Labrum Fat pads Ligaments & tendons Neurosensory receptors |
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Subclassification of Diarthrodial Joints
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Hinge - uniaxial, IP's, humeroulnar
Pivot - uniaxial, A-A, radioulnar Condyloid - biaxial, MCP's, MTP's Saddle - biaxial, CMC Plane - multiaxial, carpals, tarsals Ball and Socket - multiaxial, glenohumeral, hip |
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Arthrokinematic motion
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Arthrokinematic or Accessory Motion
Motion of the joint articular surfaces during osteokinematic or physiologic movement Not always under voluntary control Movement is defined as… Gliding Rolling Spinning Sliding (not found in human joints) |
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"reverse action" of a muscle
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Eccentric Contractions with the distal segment stabilized
Anterior Tibialis at Heel Strike of walking Gluteus Medius at mid-stance of walking |
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Muscle synergy
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Helping Synergy
Two muscles with common actions, but are also antagonistic to each other (flexor and extensor carpi radialis cause radial deviation) True Synergy The prevention of undesired movement at a joint caused by the contraction of a multi-joint muscle (Making a Fist Wrist extensors are active to counteract wrist flexion) |
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Active insufficiency
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Diminished ability of a muscle to produce or maintain active tension
Most common in multi-joint muscles Examples: Flexion of the fingers and wrist Flexion of the shoulder and elbow |
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Passive Insufficiency
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Limited motion caused by an inactive, antagonistic muscle with insufficient length to permit complete ROM
Hamstrings limiting full hip flexion & knee extension |
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Compensatory relative flexibility
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Seen when a joint is controlled by two or more muscles of differing stiffness
Wrist extension producing finger flexion Pelvic motion during prone knee flexion |
