Clinchem2: Acid Base Balance

Front 1

Substance that can yield a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water

Back 1

Acid

Front 2

A substance that can yield hydroxyl ion

Back 2

Base

Front 3

Defined as the negative log of the ionization constant

Back 3

Pka

Front 4

The pH in which thr protonated and unprotonated forms are presebt in equal conxentration

Back 4

PkA

Front 5

Strong acid pka

Back 5

Less than 3

Front 6

Strong bases pka

Back 6

Greater than 9

Front 7

For acids rasing the pH above pKa will

Back 7

Casue acid to dissociate and yield H+

Front 8

For bases lowering the pH below pKa will casue base

Back 8

To release Oh-

Front 9

The combination of a weak acid or a weak base and its salt

Back 9

Buffer

Front 10

A system that resists changes in pH

Back 10

Buffers

Front 11

One of the peincipal buffer in olasma

Back 11

Bicarbonate carbonic acid system

Front 12

BC acid system Pka

Back 12

6.1

Front 13

Reference value for blood plasma pH

Back 13

7.40

Front 14

Normal concentration if H+ in the Extracellular body

Back 14

36-44nmol/L

Front 15

Reference value for arterial blood pH

Back 15

7.4

Front 16

Increase in H+ concentration = what ph

Back 16

Decreased pH

Front 17

Ph less than 7.34

Back 17

Acidosis

Front 18

PH above 7.44

Back 18

Alkalosis

Front 19

When an acid is added to bicarbobate carbonic acid systrm the HCO3- will combine to H to forn

Back 19

H2CO3

Front 20

When base is added to H2CO3 it will conbine to OH to form

Back 20

H2O and HCO3-

Front 21

Plays a role in plasma aND Rbc and is involved in the exchange of sodium ion in the urine H+ filtrate

Back 21

Phosphate buffer system

Front 22

The interrelationship of the lungs and kidney in manitaining pH is depicted by

Back 22

Henderson-Hasselblach equation

Front 23

Numerator

Back 23

Denotes kidney function

Front 24

Denominator

Back 24

Denotes the lung function

Front 25

Regulates pH through retention or elimination of CO2 by changing the rate and volume of ventilation

Back 25

Lungs

Front 26

Regulate pH by excreting acid, prinarily incthe ammoniumcion and bycreclaiming HCO3- from glomerualr filtrate

Back 26

Kidneys

Front 27

The end product of most aerobic metabolic process

Back 27

Carbon dioxide

Front 28

Maintains electroneutrality

Back 28

Chloride shift

Front 29

Provides the first line of defense to changes in acid base stats

Back 29

Lung

Front 30

Refers to the process of reentering the blod

Back 30

Reabsorption or reclamatiob

Front 31

Remove substances from the filtrate

Back 31

Secretion or excretion

Front 32

Minimum urine pH

Back 32

4.5

Front 33

The bicarbonate bufdering systen is referred to as

Back 33

Open system

Front 34

The dCo2 which is controlled by lungs is reffered to as

Back 34

Respiratory component

Front 35

The kidneys is reffered to as

Back 35

Non repiratory or metabolic component

Front 36

Ratio of HCO3- to H2CO3

Back 36

20:1

Front 37

Blood pG is less than the reference range

Back 37

Acidemia

Front 38

Blood Pg greater than the reference range is termed

Back 38

Alkalemia

Front 39

A disorder cahsed by ventilatory dysfunction

Back 39

Primary respiratory acidosis or alkalosis

Front 40

A disorder resulting from achange in the bicarbonate level

Back 40

Non respiratory disorder

Front 41

How many days will the kidney respond

Back 41

2-4 days

Front 42

Implies that the pH has returned to the normal ramge

Back 42

Fully compensated

Front 43

Implies that the pH is approaching normal

Back 43

Partially comoensated

Front 44

Caused by the direct administration if an acid producing substance such as ammonium chloride and calcium vhloride

Back 44

Non respirayory acidosis

Front 45

Respirayion os regulated by

Back 45

Medulla of the brain

Front 46

A hemoglobun unable to bind O2 bevause iron ia an oxidized rather than reduced state

Back 46

Methemoglobin

Front 47

Represents tge ratio of O2 that is bound to the carrier protein

Back 47

Oxygen saturation

Front 48

Is the ratio of the concentration if oxyhemoglobjn to the concebtration if total hemoglibin

Back 48

Fractional oxyhgb

Front 49

A sensing device to measure pCO2 Po2 and pH

Back 49

Electrodes

Front 50

Is the gain of electron by a particle

Back 50

Reduction

Front 51

Negative electrode

Back 51

Cathode

Front 52

Positive electride

Back 52

Anode

Front 53

Loss of electrons by a particle

Back 53

Oxidation

Front 54

Formed when two opposite electrodes are immersed in a liquid that will conduct currebt

Back 54

Electrochemical cell

Front 55

Measure the amount of current flow in a circuit that is related to the amount of 02 being reduced at the cathode

Back 55

Clarke electrodes

Front 56

Placed in the circuit between thea nodd abd cathode measures tge movwment of electron

Back 56

Ammeter

Front 57

Miniaturized macroelectrode

Back 57

Microelectrodes

Front 58

A further modification if electrochemical sensor

Back 58

Thick and thin fil technology