Clep Sociology

Front 1

Charles Cooley

Back 1

Responsible for the concept of the "looking glass self"

Front 2

Looking Glass Self

Back 2

Proposed by Charles Cooley, it theorizes that there are three stages in the process of self-formation.

1) We imagine how we appear to others.

2) We wonder whether others see us in the same way as we see ourselves.

3) We develop a conception of ourselves that is based on the judgments of others

Front 3

George Mead

Back 3

George Mead believed that the development of the human mind was only possible in the context of socialization. He used the concepts of "Me" & "I" me being the image of one's self from the standpoint of "generalized others" and the "I" as the reaction to a situation as he sees it from his unique standpoint.

Front 4

Erving Goffman

Back 4

Theorized that the self is a reflection of others and the expectations of people around us. He used the term role-distance to describe the gap that exists between who we are and who we portray ourselves to be.

Front 5

Role-Distance

Back 5

The gap between who we are and who we portray ourselves to be.

Front 6

Intragenerational Mobility

Back 6

Social mobility within ones own generation.

Front 7

Intergenerational.

Back 7

Social mobility that occurs between generations.

Front 8

Social exchange theory

Back 8

Relationships are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis and comparison of alternatives.

Front 9

Egoistic suicide

Back 9

Not enough integration.

Front 10

Fatalistic Suicide

Back 10

Too much regulation.

Front 11

Anomic Suicide

Back 11

Not enough regulation.

Front 12

Altruistic Suicide.

Back 12

Too much integration.

Front 13

What factors affect a societies population?

Back 13

•Fertility
•Mortality
•Migration

Front 14

The authoritarian personality theory of agression is best at explaining...

Back 14

The extreme pejudicial attitudes of a few.

Front 15

The authoritarian personality theory of agression is best at explaining...

Back 15

The extreme pejudicial attitudes of a few.

Front 16

The culture of povery seeks to explain poverty as not stemming from _______ forces, but from ________ forces.

Back 16

Not stemming from structural forces, but from cultural forces.

Front 17

Gentrification is..

Back 17

When a rundown section of a city has been repaired and revitalized and has become attractive to a middle class population.

Front 18

Which characteristic is the biggest predictor of voting behavior?

Back 18

Social Class

Front 19

Which group has the highest unemployment rates in the United States?

Back 19

Black Male Youth

Front 20

The suburbs were originally occupied by...

Back 20

•The well-to-do and mostly white.

•Upper-middle class.

Front 21

What factor was most involved with the expantion of the suburbs to the middle class following WWII?

Back 21

The fact that automobiles came within the reach of the average american.

Front 22

Fecundity vs Fertility

Back 22

Fecundity refers to the potential production, and fertility to actual production of live offspring.

Front 23

Adults in pre-industrial societies viewed marriage as an....

Back 23

Economic Arrangement

Front 24

Define Civil Religion

Back 24

A quasi-religious loyalty binding individuals in a secular state.

Front 25

Affirmative action programs attempt to address..

Back 25

Institutional discrimination.

Front 26

How did industrialization affect the extended family?

Back 26

The extended family declined as families needed to become more geographically mobile.

Front 27

Karl Marx reffered to the owners of the means of production as...

Back 27

The bourgeoisie.

Front 28

The proletariat are..

Back 28

The people who provide the labor necessary for the operation of the factories and other productive enterprises.

Front 29

The majority of welfare dollars goes toward which group in society?

Back 29

Children, who are the biggest group falling below the poverty line.

Front 30

Who coined the term "the generalized other"?

Back 30

George Herbert Mead

Front 31

What does "the generalized other" refer to?

Back 31

Norms and values used as references when evaluating ourselves.

Front 32

Strain Theory asserts that people commit crimes when.....

Back 32

their means for achievement are obstructed.

Front 33

Amalgamation

Back 33

Absorbtion of one group by another group through intermarriage.

Front 34

Polyandry

Back 34

When a woman has more than one husband.

Front 35

Oligopoly

Back 35

When several corporations, usually four or less control an industry.

Front 36

What is the term that sociologists use to describe the situation where charismatic authority is succeeded by a bureaucracy controlled by a rationally established authority or by a combination of traditional and bureaucratic authority?

Back 36

Routinization of charisma.

Front 37

What is the term that Max Weber used to describe the extent to which persons within a particular layer of stratification have access to important scarce resources?

Back 37

Life chances

Front 38

People who are poor, seldom employed, and caught in long-term deprivation are members of the

Back 38

Underclass.

Front 39

How do the views of Max Weber and Karl Marx differ concerning the concept of social class?

Back 39

Weber added to Marx's insights by developing a multidimensional explanation of the class structure and identifying additional classes.

Front 40

The situation in which women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty is referred to as

Back 40

The feminization of poverty.

Front 41

Working-class occupations that are relatively low-paying, nonmanual, semiskilled positions primarily held by women are referred to as

Back 41

Pink-Collar occupations.

Front 42

Sociologist Jane Addams was active in poor urban areas as a leader of community centers referred to as

Back 42

Settlement Houses.

Front 43

Which of the following sociologists identified ideal-type characteristics of bureaucracy?

Back 43

Max Weber

German sociologist Max Weber was concerned that modern society is becoming increasingly dominated by impersonal, rational bureaucracies.

Front 44

Which of the following terms refers to the ways in which an individual shows an awareness that another is present without making this person the object of particular attention?

Back 44

Civil inattention

Civil inattention is one of the means that people use to help interactions with others proceed smoothly.

Front 45

Persons whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important in the development of the self are referred to by sociologists as

Back 45

Significant Others

Significant others are the people who we feel are most important to us

Front 46

Which of the following terms is defined as one or more central cities and their surrounding suburbs that dominate the economic and cultural life of a region?

Back 46

Metropolis

Front 47

New urban fringes that have arisen beyond central cities and suburbs are referred to as

Back 47

Edge Cities.

Edge cities develop as cities expand to encompass the areas between them, and as businesses take advantage of favorable tax structures and the availability of land.

Front 48

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year is the

Back 48

Crude death rate.

Front 49

Emile Durkheim believed that people in preindustrial societies feel a more or less automatic sense of belonging, a condition he referred to as

Back 49

Mechanical solidarity.

Mechanical solidarity is based on the homogeneity, or sameness, of the people within the society.

Front 50

Sociologists define race as a category of people who

Back 50

Have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of physical characteristics.