Clep Natural Sciences

Front 1

adiabatic

Back 1

a system that changed with no transfer of heat in or out

Front 2

Name of Darwin's ship

Back 2

HMS Beagle

Front 3

What is a Eukaryote?

Back 3

Cells in animals, plants and humans with a nucleus

Front 4

# of chromosomes to a set

Back 4

46

Front 5

What is the RH factor?

Back 5

The presence or absence of protein

Front 6

Who is Alexander Oparin?

Back 6

Developed Primordial Soup theory

Front 7

How many pairs of chromosomes determine the sex?

Back 7

One, X & Y

Front 8

Who is George Cuvier?

Back 8

First scientist to document extinct species

Front 9

What is a prokaryote?

Back 9

A cell in bacteria and cyanophytes with no nucleus

Front 10

Humans have how many chromosomes?

Back 10

23

Front 11

Chromosomes come in what?

Back 11

Pairs

Front 12

What is hemophilia?

Back 12

Blood clotting disorder

Front 13

Who is Karl von Linne?

Back 13

Botanist - pea plant hybrids

Front 14

What is a cell membrane?

Back 14

Holds all the stuff that is supposed to be in the cell inside the cell.

Front 15

Darwin's famous experiments included?

Back 15

Finches from the Galapagos islands

Front 16

What is the primordial soup theory?

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Molecules interacting at random to create compounds that would result in life.

Front 17

Who is Comte de Buffon?

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Thought the world was older than 6000 years

Front 18

Who is Louis Pasteur?

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Biologist

Front 19

Who is George Louis LeClerc?

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Believed in Evolution

Front 20

What is cytoplasm?

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Holds the nucleus in the eukaryotes, plus all other cellular components with the cell membrane?

Front 21

What is metaphase?

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During metaphase, the microtubules break through the nucleus and create a spindle apparatus, attaching to sister chromotids of each chromosome. All the chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle, condensing as much as possible.

Front 22

What is polygenetic?

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Genes that determine what is passed on.

Front 23

What is translation?

Back 23

To make proteins in the cell, the mRNA attaches itself to the cell's ribosomes, which are capable of reading genetic information, and in turn create proteins, a process known as translation.

Front 24

What is Mitochondrion?

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Components responsible for breaking down sugars entering the cell into energy.

Front 25

Who is Charles Lamarck?

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First scientist to publicly declare evolution

Front 26

What bird helped Darwin realize natural selection?

Back 26

Finch

Front 27

What is Interphase?

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This phase actually occurs prior to phase one of mitosis. During interphase, the cell grows larger.

Front 28

Who is Fred Hoyle?

Back 28

Interstellar theory: life was developed in interstellar clouds

Front 29

What is a somatic cell?

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Any cell that is not a reproductive cell. Has a full set of chromosomes.

Front 30

What is meiosis?

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Meiosis is the type of cell division that results in "germ cells," or eggs and sperm.

Front 31

Who is Gregor Mendel?

Back 31

Father of genetics

Front 32

How many gametes do you need for reproduction?

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2

Front 33

What does DNA stand for?

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Deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 34

What are gametes?

Back 34

reproductive cells

Front 35

Chromosomes act as a template for what?

Back 35

Cell reproduction

Front 36

Who is Charles Lyel?

Back 36

Proved that forces changing the shape of the Earth's surface must have been operating in the past much as the same way as they are now, an idea referred to as uniformitarianism

Front 37

What are the 5 stages of mitosis?

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Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telephase (IPMAT)

Front 38

What is transcription?

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1st step interpreting information stored in genes. Copies of the info in DNA made. The copy of the DNA is called a "messenger RNA" or "mRNA". RNA is similar to DNA in that it is also an information coding molecule.

Front 39

Who is John Haldane?

Back 39

Primordial Soup Theory

Front 40

Who is Erasmus Darwin?

Back 40

Grandfather of Charles Darwin

Front 41

What are ribosomes?

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Produce protein

Front 42

What is Anaphase?

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During this phase the attachments between the two chromatids of each chromosome break off and become separate chromosomes, which move to the opposite poles of the spindle.

Front 43

What is natural selection?

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When nature determines what will evolve and what will not survive.

Front 44

How many pairs are there in a chromosome?

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23

Front 45

DNA is made up of what four bases?

Back 45

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C)

Front 46

In genetics, upper case letters mean what?

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Upper case means dominant, lower case means recessive.

Front 47

What is a zygote?

Back 47

Two fused gametes, the first part of a human

Front 48

DNA molecules consist of how many chains?

Back 48

Two chains

Front 49

Chromosomes carry what?

Back 49

Genes

Front 50

Examples of disorders that can be passed on?

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Colorblindness, Hemophilia, Muscular dystrophy

Front 51

What is cloning?

Back 51

Reproducing using just the somatic cell

Front 52

For given value n, the max number of electrons in an orbit can be?

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2n2

Front 53

The speed of an electron in the orbit of a hydrogen atom in the ground state is?

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c/ 137

Front 54

The best laboratory approximation to an ideal black body is?

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A hollow enclosure blackened inside with soot and having a small hole

Front 55

Light from a distant star is examined with a spectroscope. The spectrum shows?

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The temperature of the star

Front 56

Fraunhoffer lines in the solar spectrum correspond to radiation that is _______?

Back 56

Emitted by the inner part of the sun but absorbed by its outer atmosphere

Front 57

The bird Charles Darwin studied and that influenced his research in natural selection was?

Back 57

Finches from the Galapagos islands

Front 58

Which one is NOT a social insect? (Bees, spiders, ants or termites)

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Spiders

Front 59

What is produced when heating a mixture of potassium cyanate and ammonium chloride?

Back 59

Urea

Front 60

Parts of the Earth's internal structure?

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Lithosphere, Crust, Mantle and Core

Front 61

Atoms of different elements that contain the same number of neutrons are called?

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Isotones

Front 62

What is the general electronic configuration for d-block element?

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(n-1)d1-1)ns)-2

Front 63

Metal ions like Ag+, Cu2+, etc act as?

Back 63

Lewis acids

Front 64

The oxidation # of oxygen OF2 is?

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2

Front 65

In the human circulatory system, leakage of blood back into the heart is prevented by the?

Back 65

Semilunar valves. Semilunar valves are found at the entrance of both the pulmonary artery and the aorta.

Front 66

Fibrinogen is?

Back 66

Converted to fibrin during clotting. Under the influence of the enzyme thrombin, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin, which gradually forms a mesh in which blood cells become embedded, thus forming a clot.

Front 67

When one population cannot survive without the benefits received from another population, the relationship is called?

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Mutualism. The distinguishing factor of mutualism is that one species cannot survive without the other.

Front 68

Nephrons do what?

Back 68

Filter the blood and reabsorb useful substances. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys that, while secreting quantities of fluid, reabsorb blood, sugar, and amino acids as well as urea, various ions, and a large amount of water.

Front 69

Sulfur is important in an ecosystem because?

Back 69

It is essential for many proteins in certain enzymes. While carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen suffice for all carbohydrates and fats, proteins can not be synthesized without additional elements including nitrogen and, sometimes sulfur.

Front 70

Etiolation in a plant is caused by?

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Insufficient light, which stimulates stem elongation, which, when carried to extremes is known as etiolation.

Front 71

Amino acids contain a carboxyl group, -COOH and an amino group, ______?

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-NH2

Front 72

A "formula" for photosynthesis is?

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6CO2 + 6H2 + Radiant Energy -> C6H12O4 + 6O2

Front 73

In the "dark reactions" of photosynthesis, _______ occurs.

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Organic synthesis. The dark reactions of photosynthesis include the reduction of carbon dioxide and its combination into 3- and -6-carbon sugars. This is followed by a series of reactions in which the sugar ribulose is replaced.

Front 74

Spruces are ______?

Back 74

Conifers

Front 75

A lack of folic acid could result in _____?

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A type of anemia, relating to bone marrow malfunction.

Front 76

Niacin assists in ________?

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Normal nerve functioning. Niacin is usually thought of as the vitamin that prevents pellagra. Persons consuming insufficient niacin may also develop disorders of the digestive system, skin, and the nervous system.

Front 77

Eutrophication of a lake may occur when?

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There is an excess of phosphorus. Eutrophication occurs when chemical fertilizers containing phosphorus and nitrogen wash into a lake causing photoplankton and bottom vegetation to reach high productivity. This tremendous growth blocks out light, causing deeper plants to die while certain decomposers use all the oxygen, thus suffocating the fish.

Front 78

When a1, b1, c, a1, b1, g1 at 90 degrees define the type of unit cell ____?

Back 78

Triclinic, a system of crystallization characterized by three unequal axes intersecting at oblique angles

Front 79

Conductors, insulators and semi-conductors differ from each other due to property of ____?

Back 79

Mutual width of their energy gaps

Front 80

The 3 axes of a crystal lattice are mutually perpendicular but all lattice parameters are unequal. The crystal is?

Back 80

Orthorhombic

Front 81

Fermi energy is?

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The max energy of electrons at absolute 0 degrees.

Front 82

What can be used for measuring a rapidly changing temperature?

Back 82

Thermo-couple thermometer

Front 83

Expansion during heating does what to density?

Back 83

Decreases the density of the material

Front 84

A ring shaped pice of metal is heated. If the material expands, the hole will?

Back 84

Expand

Front 85

A solid ball of metal has a spherical cavity inside it. The ball expands, so the hole will?

Back 85

Expand

Front 86

If a bimetallic strip is heated it will?

Back 86

Bend toward the metal with lower thermal expansion coefficient.

Front 87

On heating a liquid of coefficient of cubical expansion in a container having coefficient of linear expansion a/3, the level of liquid in the container will?

Back 87

Remain almost stationary

Front 88

When water is heated from 0 degree Celsius to 10 degree Celsius, its Volume will?

Back 88

First decrease, then increase.

Front 89

A beaker is filled with water at 4 degree Clesius. At one time the temperature is increased by a few degrees above 4 degrees Celsius and at another time it is decreased by a few degrees below 4 degrees Celsius. One shall observe that?

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Water overflows in both cases.

Front 90

Osteoporosis is?

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A disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered