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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is taxonomy?
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Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with grouping organisms.
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What do taxonomists do?
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assign scientific names
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In taxonomy, the organisms are grouped based on
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characteristics
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Shared taxonomic characteristics are used to:
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interpret evolutionary relationships
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What did Linnaeus establish in the 1700s?
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a system of taxons or categories for grouping organisms
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Why did Linnaeus use Latin?
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scientists of his time knew Latin
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Why do we need scientific names?
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So that the organisms will have the same names anywhere in the world
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What does binomial mean?
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two names
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What are the two categories in a binomial system?
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genus and species (the genus is capitalized and italicized)
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What did LInnaeus base the system on?
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structural similarities between organisms (then was physical traits, now includes DNA sequences)
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How many levels does the modern classification system have?
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7
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What are the levels of the modern classification system?
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Kingdom
Phylum Classes Orders Families Genus Species |
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What is a mnemonic for the levels of classification?
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King Phillip Chooses Only Fizzy Grape Soda
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What are the shared characteristics of a kingdom?
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cellular organization (prokaryote vs. eukaryote)
methods of obtaining nutrients metabolism (how they use energy) |
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Define autotrophic:
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Self-sustaining or self-nourishing organisms (e.g. green plants, algae, and certain bacteria) that have the ability to synthesize their own food from inorganic materials, e.g. carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
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Define heterotrophic:
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requiring complex organic compounds of nitrogen and carbon (as that obtained from plant or animal matter) for metabolic synthesis.
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Archaebacteria:
Cell type Mode of Nutrition Number of cells Cell wall? Environment? |
prokaryotes (lack a nucleus);
autotrophic and heterotrophic; unicellular; lacks peptidoglycan; harsh |
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What is peptidoglycan?
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A polymer that serves a structural role in the bacterial cell wall, giving structural strength, as well as counteracting the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm.
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Examples of archaebacteria?
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halophiles and methanogens
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Eubacteria:
Cell type: Mode of Nutrition: Number of cells: Cell walls? |
prokaryote;
autotrophic and heterotrophic; unicellular; call walls contain peptidoglycan |
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Examples of eubacteria:
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E. coli, streptococcous
some cause disease and some are helpful |
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protista
type of cell mode of nutrition number of cells main groups or phyla? |
eukaryote (has a nucleus);
autortrophic and heterotrophic most unicellular, some multicellular Algae (plant-like) and Protozoan (animal-like) |
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Fungi:
type of cell: mode of nutrition: number of cells cell walls? examples |
eukaryote
heterotrophs which release digestive enqymes ino their food to absorb it; decomposers, parasites most multicellular mushrooms, penicillin |
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plantae
cell type mode of nutrition number of cells cell walls examples |
eukaryote
autotrophs multicellular cell walls made of cellulose mosses, ferns, flowers |
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Animalia
cell type mode of nutrition number of cells transportation? examples |
eukaryote
heterotrophs multicellular most can move at some point in their life cycle sponges, worms, insects, invertebrates, fish, mammals, etc. |
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Classification basis
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biochemistry, structure, amino acid sequences
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Similar amino acid sequences indicate: (classification)
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common ancestor
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What is phylogeny?
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the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms
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What is a phylogenetic tree?
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a diagram of the evolutionary relationships between organisms
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What is a cladogram?
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a diagram of the relationships between organisms and how they are related.
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What is a dichotomous key?
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a series of two part statements that describe characteristic of organisms
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