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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aeneas
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given a divine quest/journey to build new Troy (similar to Odyssey)
finds white pig, founds city of Lavinium (not quite at Rome) |
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Iulus
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Aneis’ son, founds city of Alba Longa, closer to Rome’s site
name eventually descended to Julius Caesar |
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Romulus
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killed Remus, his brother, showing his dedication to the state
founded Rome, split it into aristocrats (nobles) and plebes (rest) established monarchy, he was first king became a God upon death, showing that Roman rulers were divine |
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Sabines
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Rome kidnapped all unmarried Sabines to solve population problem
when Sabines invaded Rome, women protected their new husbands shows how easily Rome believed it could assimilate people to itself |
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Indications of king’s power
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lictors- physically intimidating bodyguards
fasces combination wood mace/axe weapon carried by lictors represented power to punish(mace) and kill (axe) curule seat- folding camp chair, suggested militaristic authority toga picta- purple toga to signify formality and nobility red shoes- represents head of state, military and religion |
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Lucius Iunius Brutus
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led the revolution to overthrow Tarquin the Proud, ending Roman monarchy
when his sons betrayed the state, he had them executed, emulating Romulus |
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Roman Republic
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power of king was split into two “consuls” that could only hold power for a year
people would work their way up the political chain to become a consul dictators could be appointed to control the state in times of extreme emergency |
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Punic Wars: 264-146 BC
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broken into 3 separate wars in which Rome fought mainly Carthage
Carthage was vastly superior to Rome in every way but lost Rome gained all the wealth from Carthage and Greece at once |
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First Punic War
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Sicily was up for grabs, Carthage had a naval empire and Rome had minimal
Rome’s navy developed and fought Carthage to a stalemate peace treaty gave Rome all 3 major islands in Mediterranean and eastern Spain |
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Second Punic War
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Hannibal, maniac brought up to hate Rome, led an army through Alps to Italy
failed because native Italians were loyal to Rome and didn’t supply Hannibal Trebia, Trasimene, Cannae were most bloody battles in Europe before WWI Roman version of Vimy Ridge |
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Third Punic War
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Utter destruction of Carthage and Corinth in 146 BC; peak of Roman civilization
conquered all of the mediterranean;destroyed Corinth, great Greek city Tipping point of Rome, too much money, too many slaves |
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Roman Battle Style
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3 lines of men, young in the front, middle age in the middle, and old in the back
modernised on Greek style, more lightweight style adopted the gladius from Spanish technology |
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Roman Empire
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gained empire overnight through Punic Wars
plebes lost all employment due to massive amounts of new slaves increasing social conflict due to large separation between classes power going back to individuals; consols for more than one year |
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From Republic to Empire
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exact transition date is difficult to determine
more of a series of events Julius Caesar’s appointment as perpetual dictator (44 BC) the Battle of Actium (2 September 31 BC) senate offers Octavian the honorific Augustus (4 January 27 BC) |
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Romans and Jews
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omans and Jews
Jews were never easily managed by anyone that conquered them originally Caesar gave control over Judea to a Jew controlled by Roman state Augustus thought Jew leaders weren’t working, he appointed a Roman governor |
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Herod the Great 40 BC
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first “King of the Jews”, a Jew appointed to rule Judea
ruling the Judea when the “king of the jews”, Jesus was born ordered all babies to be killed to ensure Jesus would die, but Mary/Joseph fled |
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Pontius Pilate
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prefect who governs region during the period when Jesus was executed
administered the trial of Jesus, seemed irrelevant to most people changed the course of history |
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Marcus Licinius Crassus
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member of the first triumvirate: wealth
very rich, gained wealth in appealing ways died campaigning, leaving Pompeius and Caesar |
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Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
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member of the first triumvirate: military
very militaristic, ended Piracy in mediterranean daughter married Caesar in an attempt to bond Caesar and Pompeius |
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Gaius Iulius Caesar: 49-44 BC
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member of the first triumvirate: name (Iulus)
attempted to gain military respect by conquering Gale returned to Rome to fight a 5 yr. civil war against Roman state and Pompeius wanted all the power of a king but not in a way that seemed like a monarchy |
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Ides of March
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group of nobles thought Caesar should be removed from power
Caesar won the love of most of Rome through gifts of money nobles convinced 2nd Brutus to kill Caesar because his ancestor would have Brutus did, reluctantly, he and Caesar were very close (father/son) |
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The Second Triumptive
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Caesar named Octavian as his heir but Mark Anthony thought it should be him
Lepidus, Anthony and Octavian but Octavian ousted Lepidus quickly thru politics Anthony married Octavia but cheated on her with Cleopatra because he’s bad |
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Augustus/Octavian: 27 BC - AD 14
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Agustin age- one of the high points of Roman civilizaiton
worked to build a better Rome, period of intensive building remove focus from war master of propaganda manipulated into adopting Tiberius by Tiberius’ mother |
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Tiberius: 14-37 AD
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could not be less like Augustus, awful ruler
self imposed exile on an island called Capri; place for his perversions appointed Caligula as his heir, because of his hate for Rome |
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Gaius/Caligula: 37-41 AD
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believed to be a part of Tiberius’ death, but was supported by military
spent loads of money, built monuments, bought military loyalty with gifts became very ill and emerged from it completely insane turned palaces into brothels for money, noble wifes as prostitutes made his horse a senator embarras body guards after failed military conquest, claimed he attacked Neptune, stoll his shells assassinated by his bodyguards, they named his uncle Claudius, his heir |
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Claudius: 41-54 AD
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was one of the best emperors of all time
he is murdered by his last wife, succeeded by Nero |
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Nero: 54-68 AD
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the Last of the Julio-Claudians
Nero, accused of causing a massive fire, blamed Christians all Christians were rounded up and killed in different way uprisings in Rome, nobles turned on him, forced to commit suicide before being captured by his enemies, screwed it up, got secretary to do it, she screwed it up |
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Vespasian: 69-79 AD
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first of the Flavian dynasty
brought in from outside Rome to rule very serious, and conservative man |
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Titus: 79-81 AD
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son of Vespasian, decline in quality
conquered Judea for Rome |
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Domitian: 81-96 AD
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last of the Flavian dynasty
abuses office of emperor for his own personal delights, assassinated |
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Nerva: 96-98 AD
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governed by absolute power, under the guidance of wisdom and virtue
first of the 5 good emperors greatest achievement was choosing a great successor instead of his son |
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Trajan: 98-117 AD
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second of the 5 good emperors
realized that the empire can only grow so much attempts to prevent it from imploding on itself |
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Hadrian: 117-138 AD
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third of the 5 good emperors
brought a strong Hellenistic influence on culture during this period started to worked to cap off Rome’s empire |
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Antoninus Pius: 138-161 AD
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fourth of the 5 good emperors
following in Hadrian's footsteps of encompassing Greek culture goes to great lengths to establish continuance in Rome |
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Marcus Aurelius: 161-180 AD
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very intellectual and thoughtful
he spent much of his life fighting at the Roman north border, by Germany screwed up, and was succeeded by his son, Commodus |
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Commodus: 180-192 AD
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had all the classic defects of the bad Julio-Claudians
saw the office of emperor as a way to elevate himself following Commodus were a series of boring, bad emperors |
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Diocletian's tetrarchy: 293 AD
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Rome was split, into Eastern Empire and Western Empire
divided power between 4 men (failed) Constantine the Great and Maxentius opposing leaders both venture to Rome to battle for control of all of Rome The night before the battle, Constantine had a dream “behind the banner of Christ you will conquer” Constantine won the battle, thus shifting the view on Christianity in Rome forever |
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Roman Mythology
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focused on explaining traits that they had in their culture
adapted Greek system of 12 major Gods |
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Horatius
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famous Roman soldier, for his sacrifice on behave of the state
stood on a bridge, guaranteeing death but slowing the invading army long enough to destroy the bridge (reminiscent of Thermopylae) |
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Circus Maximus
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chariot race track racetrack
would indulge their obsession with the chariot races, cheer for their team would fit almost 1/10th of the Roman population (100,000) |
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Gladiators
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could be hired to honor the loss of a loved one
Romans were not interested in death of gladiators (paired so death was unlikely) usually chubby, sex objects, especially in noble women (sweat was love potion) upon his death, would come to knees and hold the leg of the man about to kill him often emperors would join in as a gladiator |
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Historic recreations
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often recreated large significant historical battles for Rome, sometimes even flooding it to even do naval battles
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Beast hunts
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displayed exotic animals like lions, tigers, giraffes
they would then be released and hunted down by trained hunters to express that they were the dominant people, so it isn't so bad that they dominate other colonies |
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Pantheon
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they had an aesthetic sense but it had to serve a purpose
constructed with function over beauty said “built by marcus degriffus” -meant to convey political power brought religion inside from fields, brought it into a building |
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Roman Art
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architecture, painting and sculptures are just mimics of Greek works
succeeded in secondary mediums (metal-work, gem engraving, ivory carvings) |
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Latin Literature
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could only be one of: poetry, comedy, tragedy, satire, history, rhetoric
works would be considered good if they wrote something good, while still staying in the bounds of the rules for one type drew heavily on mature Greek writing |
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Virgil
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tried to be Roman version of Homer
wrote about how Aeneas left Troy to build a “new Troy” |
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Ennius (239-169 BC)
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father of latin poetry; Greek, latin and Oscan decent
began writing during the second Punic War tried to be Roman version of Homer: suggested Homers was reborn in him Annales: fall of Troy- Cato Maior: “Carthago delenda est” proposed that Gods weren’t divine- represented great people from history |
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Plautus
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comedian who wrote second punic war
wrote about struggles between father and daughters famous play Amphitryo- birth of hercules |
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Terence
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I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me”
comedian- wrote about family issues comically |
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Gaius Valerius Catullus
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created “angry love poem”, wrote most his poems to Lesbia
greatly influenced poets such as Ovid, Horace and Virgil His explicit writing style has shocked many readers, both ancient and modern |
