Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
L4 radiculopathy Most commonly caused by ...
|
disc herniation
|
|
|
What are schwann cells
|
Form Myelin in PNS, Affect neuromuscul transmission
|
|
|
What are astrocytes
|
form blood brain barrier
|
|
|
what are oligodendroglia
|
form myelin in CNS
|
|
|
What are microglia
|
immune cells of the centreal nervous system (CNS)
|
|
|
What are ependymal cells
|
line canals
|
|
|
Where are the Na+ and K+ concentrations higher in or out of the cell
|
K+ higher inside cell
Na+ higher outside the cell |
|
|
What is the resting membrane potential
|
-70mV
|
|
|
What events occur during an action potential
|
1. Depolarization - cell goes form inside negative to inside positve -Na channel opens - Na diffusely floods in - 70 mV to + 58 mv
2. repolarization - Na channels close & K hannels ope [inside of cells retrun to being negative 3. hyperpolarization - "undrshoot " of restin potentia (-75 mV) 4. refractory period - time before another Action potential ccan take place |
|
|
L5 radiculopathy
|
Most common radiculopathy
Foot dorsiflexion weakness anterolateral leg and dorsum of the foot. weakness of foot eversion (mediated by the L5/peroneal-innervated peroneus muscles) AND inversion weakness (mediated by the L5/tibial-innervated tibialis posterior) Diff dx: foot drop from peroneal neuropathy lumbosacral plexopathy hip abductors (gluteus medius and minimus) |
|
|
S1 radiculopathy
|
caused commonly by intervertebral disk herniation
weakness of foot plantar flexion knee flexion, and hip extension Sensory symptoms typically involve the lateral foot and sole DIFF DX Sciatic neuropathy and lower lumbosacral plexopathy |
|
|
Lumbosacral polyradiculopathy and cauda equina syndromes
|
MULTIPLE CONTIGUOUS ROOTS
prominent bowel and bladder dysfunction,saddle anesthesia Lumbar nerve roots…leg weakness… paraplegia |
|
|
What are the different kinds of neuropathy?
|
* Polyneuropathy
*Mononeuropathy *Multiple mononeuropathies (mononeuropathy multiplex) *Neuronopathy |
|
|
Somatic neuropathy
|
GLOVE AND STOCKING SENSORY LOSS
LOSS OF ANKLE REFLEXES WEAKNESS DIFFUSE |
|
|
Mechanism of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
|
IMPAIRED VASA NERVORA
ACCUMULATION OF POLYOLS – ↑↑ALDACTOSE REDUCTASE (SCHWANN CELLS, DRG, ENDOTHELIAL CELLS) ↑ SORBITOL IN PERIPHERAL NERVE IN AXON REDUCED MYO-INOSITOL DYSFUNCTION NA/K ATPase |
|
|
subtypes of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
|
sensory,
mixed sensory, motor, autonomic |
|
|
charateristic patterns of DPN
|
Distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy
Distal symmetric sensory motor polyneuropathy Radiculoplexus neuropathy |
|
|
Neurogenic pain
|
pain resulting from noninflammatory dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system or CNS.
|
|
|
Neuropathic pain
|
Neuropathic pain associated with peripheral nervous system injury.
|
|
|
What is neuralgia
|
pain in the distribution of a single peripheral nerve.
|
|
|
What is a neuroma
|
A mass containing fibrous tissue, blood vessels, clusters of unmyelinated axons, and Schwann cells, known as a
|
|
|
1st line drugs for neuropathic pain
|
GABAPENTIN
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS NORTRYPTILLINE AMITRYPTILLINE TRAMADOL Capsaicin cream Lidocaine patch Isosorbide dinitrate spray |
|
|
What is restless leg syndrome?
|
painful burning that occurs only at rest or during sleep relieved by moving the legs.
|
|
|
Secondary restless leg syndrome is cause by...
|
Pregnancy
iron-deficiency anemia peripheral neuropathy periodic leg movements of sleep |
|
|
What are the symptoms of parkinsons
|
Triad:
tremor bradykinesia rigidity Also: response to dopamine |
|
|
cause of secondary parkinsons
|
Toxins:
manganese dust carbon disulfide carbon monoxide poisoning MPTP |
|
|
What cause parkinsons
|
loss of dopamin producing cells in substantia nigra
|
|
|
treatment of parkinsons
|
ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS
Trihexyphenidyl DOPAMINE AGONISTS Bromocriptine, pergolide, lisuride, and cabergoline LEVODOPA |
|
|
How do you diagnose restless leg syndrome
|
URGE MOVE LEGS WITH DISCOMFORT
URGE MOVE LEGS WHILE AT REST URGE TO MOVE OR DISCOMFORT IS RELIEVED BY MOVING LEGS 4. SX’S WORSE IN EVENING |
|
|
L1 root level
location of : weakness sensory loss pain |
weakness : none
sensory loss: inguinal region pain: inguinal region |
|
|
L2 root level
|
weakness : Iliopsoas
sensory loss: Anterolateral thigh pain: Groin, anterior thigh |
