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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Busby Berkeley
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1895-1976
- American director and choreographer. - Designed dance numbers that involved geometric patterns. - Got his ideas by drinking until he hallucinated and then writing it down. - Played a role in establishing the movie musical as its own genre. |
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Alfred Hitchcock
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1899-1980
British director and producer. Best known for his suspense films like "Saboteur" (1942), and "Psycho" (1960). His work spanned over 50 years. |
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Ten Hitchcock Characteristics
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1. Had a dark sense of humor.
2. Gave objects power in his films, like the fire extinguisher in "Saboteur", or the glass of milk in "Suspicion". 3. Used criss-crossing, when the characteristics of one object/person in one situation are applied to another object/person in another situation. 4. Used cool blonde leading ladies. 5. Used handsome leading men, unlike himself, so he could make them get beaten down in the film. 6. The police were usually incompetent and after the wrong man. 7. Inspired by Surrealism, especially Giorgio de Chirico. 8. Used irony. 9. Created suspense by allowing the audience to know more about a situation than the characters. 10. There would always be a MacGuffin in the film. 11. Ordinary people accidentally getting into extraordinary situations. 12. Likeable bad guys. |
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Salvador Dali
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1904-1989
- Spanish surrealist painter. - Used the "critical paranoiac" method, by which he would keep an easel by his bed so he could paint what he dreamed. - Exploited his own neuroses for his art. - Lots of irrational fears: bugs, airplanes, boats, buying shoes in public. |
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Surrealism
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1920s-1930s
- Offspring of Dada. - Began as a literary movement. - Creation without conscious control. - Miro vs. Dali. - Miro created nonsensical and somewhat abstract images. - Defied reality. - Dali made the unconscious very real. |
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Fred Astaire
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1899-1987
- American dancer and actor. - Retired three times. - Danced with Vera-Ellen in “The Belle of New York”. - Often partnered with Ginger Rogers or Eleanor Powell. |
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How Famous was Vera-Ellen?
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1921-1981
- She partnered with famous talent such as Fred Astaire, Danny Kaye, Gene Kelly, and Donald O'Connor. - Was in "Belle of New York", "On the Town", and "White Christmas". - Was known as having the “smallest waist in Hollywood”. - Upon meeting Princess Elizabeth in 1951, the Princess exclaimed: “Look! There’s Vera-Ellen!”. |
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The Belle of New York
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1952
- Vera Ellen film in 1952 where she re-teamed with Fred Astaire. - Her dance numbers filled nearly half of the film’s running time. - It was based on a successful operetta that had been produced in New York in 1897. - It was a remake of a 1919 starring Marion Davies. - Originally, Fred Astaire was going to make the film with Judy Garland in 1946, but it was put on hold when he announced his retirement. - It ended up being a box office disaster and was the first Astaire film to lose money. They never danced together again although both actors received praise for their abilities. Things that ruined the film: failing of theatres across the country, terrible acting by Alice Pearce. Was a setback to Vera’s career that she never recovered from. Lost Fred Astaire as a partner, began to lose weight, lost film opportunities. |
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“White Christmas”
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1954
- Irving Berlin film and possibly Vera-Ellen’s most enduring role. - Vera-Ellen was paired with her old friend and partner Danny Kaye and an ensemble group that featured Bing Crosby and Rosemary Clooney. - First film shot in Vista Vision and was also in Technicolor. Irving Berlin was the production supervisor. - Set design was very cheap and “appalling throughout the film.” - Old-fashioned sappy family film, promoting reverence for the U.S. Army and extolling the importance of loyalty to one’s friends. - Highest grossing film of 1954 and became a holiday classic. |
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The Rothschilds
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1954
- Vera announced that she was going to marry Victor Rothschild, who was apparently related to the English branch of the family barons, and represented royalty in the public mind even though most of his money came from owning and managing gas stations. - Victor was an orphan and grew up poor despite the family name. - Met Vera through a friend. She came to see him when he got the flu and they got to know each other. - Got engaged 2 weeks after their first meeting. |
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Caravaggio’s Conversion of
St. Paul |
• 1601
• Painted by Caravaggio • One of the earliest examples of Baroque painting • Uses tenebrism – Style of painting in which most objects are in shadow, while a few are brightly illuminated (stark contrasts of light and dark) |
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Rembrandt’s Return of the
Prodigal Son |
• 1665
• Gradual use of light and shade for psychological effect • Dutch Baroque • Used lighting to focus attention on certain areas • Rembrandt: skilled etcher |
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Van Gogh's Starry Night
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• 1889
• Post-Impressionist • Colors express emotion of “ardent temperament” • Thick, sweeping brush strokes • Swirling clouds • Yellow stars |
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Edvard Munch's The Scream
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• 1893
• Post-Impressionist, Pre- Expressionist • Influenced by Van Gogh & Sigmund Freud • Family members had TB-- paintings filled with anxiety and death • Disorienting diagonals |
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Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
(1907) |
• By Pablo Picasso
• Cubist style • Faces inspired by African Masks • Cubist forms similar to reflections in a shattered mirror |
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Lyonel Feininger's The
Privateers |
• 1920
• Expressionist Cubism • Futurism-- suggest motion |
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Threatening Weather
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Rene Magritte’s Threatening Weather
• 1928 • Belgian • Surrealism |
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Jean Delville’s Orpheus
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• Jean Delville’s Orpheus
• 1893 • Symbolism • Orpheus was a mystical figure, his song so beautiful it charmed animals • Floating figures a popular symbolist image • Color blue: dreams, sleep, clouds, escape |
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Paul Delvaux’s The Echo
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• 1943
• Belgian • Surrealism • Naked woman on infinite street path |
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Gustave Moreau's Salome and the
Head of John the Baptist |
• 1871
• French Symbolist • Tremendous visual clutter • Designed to be appreciated while under the influence of “something” |
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Fernand Khnopff's Caresses
of the Sphinx or the Art of the Caresses |
• 1896
• Belgian Symbolist • Androgynous male figure • Images of “femme fatale” • Beautiful woman as beast • Believe in the pursuit of dreams |
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Salvador Dali's Persistence of
Memory |
• Painted in 1931
• Dali was a Spanish Surrealist • Paranoaic-Critical method: taking nightmares and putting them together |
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Paul Gaugin’s Spirit of the Dead Watching
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1892
• Post-Impressionism • Synthetism - the building up of color • Inspired by the people of Tahiti |
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Jasper Johns’ Target with Four Faces
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1958
• Neo-Dadaist/American Pop Art • Color and texture was very important |
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Ellsworth Kelly’s Red, Blue, and Green
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• 1963
• 3 solid colored canvases. • Color-field: large canvases, abstract, focused on broad areas of color • Hard-edge: clean, crisp forms, opposite of Abstract expressionism. |
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Andy Warhol’s Marilyn Diptch
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1962
• American Pop Art • Silkscreen mass produced person (tortured soul) |
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Frank Lloyd Wright's
Johnson's Wax Factory |
• 1936-1939
• American Depression Modern Style • Blonde wood, portholes, form expressing function • No angular desks • Everything curved • Flooded with light |
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Giorgio De Chirico's Delights of the
Poet |
• 1912
• Surrealist Greek- Italian painter • Paintings of the world on the threshold of a big change • Disorienting diagonals |
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Max Reinhardt (1873-1943)
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• Head of the German theatre
Kammerspiele from 1907-1919. • Kammerspiele=intimate theatre. • Designed for 300 viewers, focused on psychic acoustics. • This shows the influence of Munch, who painted a mural for the Foyer in the theatre. • Stimmung= emotionally charged atmosphere created by limited light source |
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Romanesque
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• 11th-12th centuries AD
• A style of architecture commonly used in churches meant to scare and intimidate people into donating and worshipping • It took elements from Roman architecture (columns, rounded arches, apses, barrel vaults) • St. Sernin • Churches were massive, dark, often had sculpted relief on the tympanum that portrayed people as worthless little dolls |
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Gothic
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• 1200-1400 AD
• A movement in art and architecture that was popular during the rise of Humanism, when people were focusing on humanity and a growth of universities expanded on rational thought • Unlike Romanesque art, Gothic structures were light and airy, focusing on “heigh and light.” They attempted to be more welcoming than frightneing • Interiors are unified and open, using pointed arches and ribbed groin vaults. • Exteriors are characterized by flying buttresses and sculptural decoration • Notre Dame cathedral in Paris is a good example of a gothic church. |
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Loreena McKennett
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• 1957
• “Every journey brings a new challenge” • Canadian, Celtic, anthropological folk singer • Blend of rock, Persian percussion, folk, Celtic, classic • Dresses in Pre- Raphaelite tradition • Sees herself as a representative of the ancient Celtic people |
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Vaudeville
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• American form of popular
entertainment in the 19th century • Variety Review (acts change every 15 minutes) • Origins in Paris • Problems with Political Correctness (blackface performers, transvestite shows) |
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Bert Williams
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• African American
performer, yet still had to be in blackface onstage • First black monologist to cross the color barrier and perform to white audiences |
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Clara Bow
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“It” girl of the 1920s
-had all of the most desirable traits for a modern woman at the time • Actress and Model • Lived the flapper lifestyle, was known to be promiscuous |
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Depression Modern Style
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• Streamlined, simplified,
curvilinear forms • Bakelite, Lincoln Zephyr, Radio City Music Hall • Dance patterns of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers |
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Raymond Loewy
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• 1893-1986
• Interior, industrial designer • Designed Coca-Cola bottles after Mae West’s figure, clear, restful, sexy • Broadway style font • Career spanned 7 decades |
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Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
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• 1878-1949
• American tap dancer and actor • Grew up learning African American slave dances • Raised by his grandmother • Would sing and dance while shining shoes • One of the first to wear taps • Developed “stairdancing” |
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The Nicholas Brothers
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• Fayard (1914-2006) &
Harold (1921-2000) Nicholas • Known as “Flashdancers” • Blacks could only appear as slaves in films • Could slip and slide on bakelite floor and made style out of it • Overexaggerated moves • Acrobatic dancing, leaps, somersaults • Danced alongside Dorothy Dandridge (Harry married her) |
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Ray Bolger
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• 1904-1987
• Eccentric dancer • Played the Scarecrow in the “Wizard of Oz” in 1939 • Did “Muscle Dancing”--like going into the slips and coming up very slowly • Had total control over balance and movement while projecting comical image • Legs appear to be completely separated from upper body |
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Fred Astaire and Ginger
Rogers |
• Synchronized Dancing
popular from 1933-1939 • Depression Modern dance style; curvilinear arm movements and tap dancing moves • Ginger wore curvilinear clothing • “Carefree”-1938 |
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Alfred Hitchcock
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Was a loner growing up, got picked
on, was never good looking • Spent his time doing things like memorizing bus routes • Sent to a Jesuit school at age 13, taught that he had to constantly atone • Studied electrical engineering and art history • Got a job with Paramount, began writing silent film screenplays • Later promoted to art director • Went to Germany, developed his style |
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Alfred Hitchcock's Saboteur
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• 1942
• Handsome leading man being chased and persecuted • Cool, blonde leading lady • Police chasing wrong guy • Hitchcock Irony-things are not what they seem: -Fire extinguisher makes the fire worse -Blind man can see more clearly than anyone else -Circus “freaks” are actually warm-hearted |
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Surrealism
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Fusion of Symbolism, Freud, and Dada in the 1920s
• Symbolist elements--inward search for truth, nostalgia, exoticism, dreams • Dada elements--radical freedom of images, timelessness, sizeless space • Freudian elements--sex, keys to unlock inner truth, visual exorcism of aberrations, nightmare qualities, significance of dreams and childhood • “Creation without conscious control” • Famous Surrealists: Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, Andre Breton |
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Joseph McCarthy
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• 1908-1957
• Russia had nuclear bombssupposedly a result of leaked American secrets--begins the distrust of anyone questionable • “Big List of Names”-comes from suspected Communists/possibly untrustworthy people • Gets McCarthy elected as senator • The House Un-American Activities Committee(HUAC)- investigates loyalty in America • “The Red Scare”-many people were blacklisted and their careers/lives were ruined as a result |
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Edward R. Murrow
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• Stands up against HUAC
and McCarthy • Brave CBS reporter • Told America how things really were • “Have you no decency, sir?” • America picks Murrow over McCarthy • “Good Night & Good Luck”-- 2005 film about these events |
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J. Robert Oppenheimer
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• Member of the “intellectual elite”
• “Untrustworthy because he was intellectual” • Specialized in nuclear and quantum physics • Could communicate complex science simply, was a great professor • 1946-1952 Manhattan Projectdirects atomic group with Neils Bohr--develops atomic bomb • Became a pacifist after the bombs were dropped in Japan • Naïve idea that if all countries had the technology, we’d all have to come together |
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John Wayne
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• Another Soren villian!
• Heavily promoted enlisting in Vietnam War • Played war heroes in movies • But he ditched WWII and was a draft-dodger for Vietnam (claimed he couldn’t fight because he was sole provider of his family, but was cheating on his wife!) • “Big Jim McClain”-1952--played into HUAC propaganda, encouraged people to rat on their “Communist” friends and family members |
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Symbolism
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• Symbolism was particularly strong in France
and Belgium in the late nineteenth century • It began as a literary movement, emphasizing internal psychological phenomena rather than objective descriptions of nature • The Symbolists rejected both the social consciousness of Realism and the Impressionist interest in nature/outdoors • Attracted to internal world of imagination and images portraying the irrational • Also drawn to mythological subject matter because of its affinity with dreaming, but their rendition of myth was neither heroic in character nor Classical in style • Created idea of “Femme Fatale” • Though of artists as being torturted, emaciated figures who destroy themselves for their art |
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Dada
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• 1915-1923
• Began in Switzerland • Anti-art art movement • Rejected prevailing standards in art • Nihilism: all art is dead • Reflected the pessimism of a world gone insane • Influenced surrealism |
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Op Art
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• 1960-1970s
• Developed in the mid 1960s by, among others, Bridget Riley • It combines color and abstract patterns to produce optical 3D illusions. • Riley’s “Aubade (Dawn)” (1975) is a good example • Op Art was popular and used commercially. |
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Pop Art
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• 20th century art movement
• Began in Britain in the 1950’s, became popular in the US in the 1960’s • Reaction to abstract expressionism • Drew on popular culture for inspiration • Moved away from abstract forms, see the return of the object. |
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Timothy Leary
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• Professor at Harvard
• Learned of LSD experiments on soldiers (some died) • Researched more into LSD (used the lab at Harvard) • Wanted to treat prisoners • Had pacifying qualities and dangerous side effects • Planned to have an LSD booth at the world’s fair, as well as start his own church based on Marijuana and LSD sacraments (“Celebration of the Psyche” - Psychadelics) |
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Andy Warhol
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• 1930-1987
• Prominent American Pop artist • Painted “Cambell’s Soup 1” (1968) as part of a series of Campbell’s Soup can paintings. These paintings became so popular that Campbell’s has not changed their label design since • He made a point about the loss of identity in an industrialized society, but at the same time, he took full advantage of marketing and mass production. • Although all he wanted was anonymity, he was a media star whose greatest work of art was his own image. • He associated with bohemians, intellectuals, and wealthy aristocrats. |
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Jacques Tati
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• Michael Richards
(Kramer, Seinfeld) based his comedic style off Tati • Pantomime style • Extremely self assured idiot who tries to cover up his own mistakes • Soft humor, subtleties |
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Fred Stone
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• Born in 1874
• Acrobat, eccentric dancer, comedian, singer • Was the original scarecrow in the first Broadway Wizard of Oz • Obsessive perfectionist, created persona from mimicking poses and physicality of illustrations • Forgotten because he was involved in no scandals in his life |
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Heinrich Schliemann and
Frank Calvert |
• Schliemann obsessed
with finding true story of Troy • Calvert owns the site which he believed to be Troy, and allowed Schliemann to excavate • Schliemann minimizes Calvert’s contributions in his publications • Schliemann the first to popularize archeology, founding force in modern methodology |
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Annette Kellerman
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• Born in 1886 in Syndey,
Australia • First woman to successfully swim 10 miles • Created idea for 1 piece swimsuit to minimize the burden while swimming • Felt like her body was beautiful and should be shown (same proportions as the Venus de Milo) |
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Art in Film
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• Hitchcock: surrealism
– North by Northwest – Saboteur • Loreena McKennitt – Pre-Raphelite movement – John William Waterhouse “The Lady of Shallot” (1888) • Dario Argento: surrealism – Inferno (1980) |
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Art Movements
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• Op Art, Pop Art, and Surrealism
– “The Yellow Submarine” (1968) – We saw the sandwich version in class, but there is a long description on the course website – Surrealism: fantastic images and juxtaposition – Pop art/colorfield: highly color saturated images, emphasis on hard edges and flatness – Op Art: colors and forms arranged so eye can’t focus |
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Larry David
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• Co-creator of Seinfeld (1990-1998)
along with Jerry Seinfeld • Show about nothing • Uses some of the same things that power, surrealism Hitchcock does: criss-crossing, object |
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Seinfeld and Hitchcock
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• Criss-crossing: 1. Definition- one situation's
characteristics are found in another unrelated situation • 2. Example: a. Elaine hates when store merchants water the sidewalk with a hose b. But the removal of the hose triggers comic tragedy for George who cannot put out a firE in his car c. The restored presence of the hose leads to comic tragedy for Elaine who is caused by the hose to seem to be a woman of easy virtue |
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Object power: (Seinfeld Hitch)
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Objects are alive and are all powerful in the
universe – Objects secretly know and control the destinies of humans – Objects precipitate interconnecting dramas within dramas – Eyeglasses are extremely dangerous – Examples: rare chinese gum, hoses |
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Parallel Universe (Seinfeld Hitch)
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• Parallel Universe
• The comedic universe is governed by its own laws • Edge of Surrealism- universe that looks like our own but behaves differently • Also themes of insanity in Seinfeld which is seen a lot in Hitchcock movies |
