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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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apomorphy
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a derived character state.
There are two types: synapomorphies and autapomorphies |
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synapomorphy
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a shared, derived character state
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autapomorphy
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a derived character state unique to one lineage
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plesiomorphy
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an ancestral character state
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symplesiomorphy
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a shared, ancestral character state
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monophyletic
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a group of organisms is monophyletic when it includes ALL of the descendants of a single ancestral lineage/species
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paraphyletic
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a group of organisms is paraphyletic when it is missing AT LEAST ONE of the descendants of a single ancestral lineage/species
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polyphyletic
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a group of organisms is polyphyletic when it includes descendants of MULTIPLE ancestral lineages/species
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clade
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a monophyletic group;
the root of the word cladistics! |
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grade
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a paraphyletic group
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ingroup
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a group of organisms that is the subject of interest in a cladistic analysis.
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outgroup
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any species that falls outside the ingroup, phylogenetically speaking; outgroups are ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY in cladistic or phylogenetic analysis
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claodgram
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a phylogenetic tree (a tree depicting evolutionary relationships)
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root
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the ancestral node in a cladogram
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polytomy
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a node in a cladogram with more than 2 descendant lineages. There are two types of polytomies - hard and soft.
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