Civil War & Reconstruction: 1864-1865

Front 1

What was the Union Army desertion rate from 1863 to 1864?

Back 1

200 desertions every day, for a total of 150,000 desertions during those two years.

Front 2

Why did Lincoln choose Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate?

Back 2

He hoped Johnson would help him win votes from Northern pro-war Democrats

Front 3

What did Lincoln and Johnson campaign for?

Back 3

Unconditional surrender of the South

Front 4

Who ran against Lincoln in 1864?

Back 4

General McClellan, as a Peace Democrat

Front 5

What victories helped Lincoln win the election of 1864?

Back 5

The Battle of Mobile Bay and Sherman's taking of Atlanta

Front 6

Why did General McClellan lose the 1864 election?

Back 6

Because his peace platform was too idealistic, and the news of the victory in Atlanta favored Lincoln

Front 7

What act isolated the South?

Back 7

The Union gaining total control of the Mississippi

Front 8

Which key rivers are in the Western theater?

Back 8

Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee, Cumberland

Front 9

Where did General Forrest serve?

Back 9

For the Confederacy, in Western Tennessee

Front 10

What was General Forrest's famous quotation about war?

Back 10

War means fighting and fighting means killing

Front 11

At which battle did General Forrest become infamous?

Back 11

Fort Pillow, where he led a brutal attack against the mixed-race Union forces, killing half the troops in a move that is believed to be based in racism

Front 12

After the war, what is General Forrest known for?

Back 12

Founding the Ku Klux Klan

Front 13

How did the Confederate troops feel about General Joseph Johnston?

Back 13

They liked him

Front 14

What army did Joseph Eggleton Johnston command?

Back 14

The Confederate Army of Tennessee

Front 15

Why did President Davis relieve Johnston of his command?

Back 15

He retreated instead of engaging Sherman's forces near Atlanta

Front 16

With whom did Davis replace General Johnston?

Back 16

General Hood

Front 17

What led Grant to target Atlanta?

Back 17

It was a transporation and logistical center for the South

Front 18

What general died at the Battle of Atlanta?

Back 18

Union General McPherson

Front 19

Who replaced Johnston as a result of the Battle of Atlanta?

Back 19

General Bell

Front 20

What did Grant do to pursue his goal of attacking Atlanta?

Back 20

Built up an Army in Chattanooga and prepared them to invade Georgia

Front 21

Who fought the Battle of Mobile Bay?

Back 21

Union Rear Admiral Farragut and Confederate Admiral Franklin Buchanan

Front 22

What bold move did Farragut make at Mobile Bay?

Back 22

He ran through a minefield even though it had just destroyed one of his ironclads

Front 23

Whose victory was the Battle of Mobile Bay?

Back 23

The Union's

Front 24

Why was Mobile Bay an important victory for the Union?

Back 24

It completed their bockade by capturing the last important, Confederate port on the Gulf of Mexico east of the Mississippi River

Front 25

Which key rivers are in the Eastern theater?

Back 25

York, James, and Potomac

Front 26

What was the succession of commanders of the Army of the Potomac?

Back 26

Brigadiere General Irvin McDowell --> General McClellan --> General Burnside --> General Hooker --> General Meade

Front 27

Who was general-in-chief of all the Union armies from 1864 to 1865?

Back 27

Ulysses S. Grant

Front 28

What notable rank was Grant promoted to?

Back 28

Lieutenant General, a rank not held in the U.S. since George Washington

Front 29

What was Grant's approach to how he used the Union forces?

Back 29

He concentrated them on attacking Confederate troops rather than simply occupying Confederate territory, because destroying the enemy's army would win the war

Front 30

What task did Grant assign to General Sherman?

Back 30

Command of the Western Theater

Front 31

What was the Overland Campaign?

Back 31

A series of battles led by General Grant in Virgina, that maneuvered Lee into a seige at Petersburg, Virgina

Front 32

What did Grant sacrifice in the Overland Campaign?

Back 32

Many men -- his casualties were very high, but he pressed on in an attempt to corner General Lee

Front 33

On which battlefield did Generals Grant and Lee first engage armies?

Back 33

Battle of the Wilderness, 1864

Front 34

Where was the Battle of the Wilderness located?

Back 34

Wilderness of Spotsylvania, a scrubby, rough terrain in central Virginia

Front 35

Which side won the Battle of the Wilderness?

Back 35

Neither; the battle was inconclusive

Front 36

What was the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House?

Back 36

The battle immediately following Wilderness, the second in Grant's Overland Campaign

Front 37

What did Grant succeed in doing in the Battle of Spotsylvania?

Back 37

Inflicting heavy damages on the Army of Virginia, which was half the size of Grant's army

Front 38

Who won the Battle of Spotsylvania?

Back 38

As with the Battle of the Wilderness, it was inconclusive

Front 39

What campaign was the Battle of Cold Harbor a part of?

Back 39

Grant's Overland Campaign

Front 40

What gave the Confederate Army the advantage at Cold Harbor?

Back 40

They arrived to the location before the Union army and had a chance to dig in their defensive line

Front 41

What was the battle of Cold Harbor known for?

Back 41

One of the bloodiest and most lop-sided battles, where 7,000 soldiers fell in 20 minutes

Front 42

What percentage of troops did each side lose at the Battle of Cold Harbor

Back 42

The Union lost 41% of their army; the Confederacy lost 46%

Front 43

What battle did Grant regret the most and why?

Back 43

Battle of Cold Harbor, because of the tremendous loss of life with no tactical gain

Front 44

Who was the target of the Senandoah Valley Campaign?

Back 44

Civilians and their property

Front 45

Which generals opposed each other in the Shenandoah Valley Campaign?

Back 45

General Sheridan (Union) and Jubal Early (Confederacy)

Front 46

What was the importance of Shenandoah Valley?

Back 46

Back door for the Confederate raids on Maryland, Washington, and Pennsylvania. The scene of 3 major campaigns: Valley Campaign of 1862 and Valley Campaigns of 1864.

Front 47

Why did Grant choose to lay siege to Petersburg instead of heading for Richmond?

Back 47

He wanted to take out the rail junction that supplied Richmond and, in effect, starve Richmond

Front 48

Who won in the Siege of Petersburg

Back 48

The Union, over the course of 10 months

Front 49

What was Sherman's "march to the sea"?

Back 49

General Sherman's Savannah campaign, when he left Atlanta and made his way to Savannah, inflicting great civilian destruction on his way

Front 50

What were Sherman's Sentinels and Sherman's Neckties?

Back 50

Both were reminder's of Sherman's destruction: Sentinels were the standing chimneys of burnt-out houses he left behind; Neckties were railroad rails that his troops had heated and wrapped around trees

Front 51

What message was Sherman trying to send by waging civilian destruction on his march to the sea?

Back 51

That the South was powerless to defend their lives, homes, and property

Front 52

What was the result of Sherman's march?

Back 52

Much of the potential of the South was destroyed

Front 53

Where did Sherman head after taking Savannah?

Back 53

South Carolina

Front 54

How long and wide was Sherman's March?

Back 54

275 miles long and up to 60 miles wide

Front 55

What is the quantified damage of Sherman's March?

Back 55

300 miles of railroad wrecked
bridges and miles of telegraph lines destroyed
5,000 horses, 4,000 mules, and 5,000 heads of cattle seized
9.5 million lbs of corn and 10.5 million lbs of fodder confiscated
Countless homes, cotton gins, and mills burned to the ground

Front 56

Where did Lee surrender?

Back 56

Appamatox Courthouse

Front 57

What quality of soldier was General Custer?

Back 57

He was only one month out of West Point, where he graduated at the bottom of his class. Young and inexperienced.

Front 58

What was General Custer's role at Appomattox Station in 1865?

Back 58

He led the troops that dealt the Army of Northern Virginia a final blow

Front 59

The terms of Lee's surrender to Grant were what?

Back 59

Generous: he let Lee's men return home (as long as they would not fight) supplied them with food rations, and allowed them to take their horses and mules

Front 60

What did Jefferson Davis do after Lee surrendered to Grant?

Back 60

He met with his cabinet and officially dissolved the Confederate government

Front 61

When Lee surrendered to Grant - was it end of war or did Lee just surrender Army of Viriginia?

Back 61

Lee surrendered only his army -- the war still continued

Front 62

What specifically marked the end of the confederacy?

Back 62

Lee's surrender at Appatomax -- for all practical purposes

Front 63

How far was Lincoln into his second term when he was assassinated?

Back 63

5 weeks

Front 64

Where was Lincoln shot?

Back 64

At Ford's Theater (also correct: in the head)

Front 65

Who assassinated Lincoln and with what motivation?

Back 65

John Wilkes Booth, a stage actor and Confederate sympathizer who opposed the abolition of slavery.

Front 66

Did Booth originally plan to assassinate the president, or did his plan change?

Back 66

Originally he planned to kidnap the president and hold him in exchange for Confederate prisoners, but Lincoln's April 11th speech incensed him and he chose assissination.

Front 67

What was the original assissination plan?

Back 67

For Booth to kill Lincoln and his co-conspirators to kill Secretary of State William H. Seward and Vice President Andrew Johnson, leaving succession in question.

Front 68

Who would have been president if both Lincoln and Johnson were assassinated?

Back 68

Senate Pro Tem. Lafayette S. Foster. It wasn't until 1947 that it was changed to the Speaker of the House

Front 69

Who conspired with Booth on the assassination plans?

Back 69

John Surratt, Mary Surratt, Lewis Paine, David Herold, and George Atzerodt

Front 70

What happened to John Wilkes Booth?

Back 70

He fled to a farm in Virginia where he was later found and shot by an Intelligence officer (though some dispute this and insist he got away).

Front 71

What was the last confederate victory?

Back 71

Defending a Union attack on Palmetto Ranch in Texas, which was in violation of the cease-fire agreement

Front 72

What was the largest surrender of the Confederacy?

Back 72

Joseph Johnston's surrender of the Army of Tennessee to Sherman

Front 73

What happened to the agreement that Sherman and Johnston drafted upon Johnston's surrender?

Back 73

It was sent to Washington and, in the wake of Lincoln's assassination, it was rejected

Front 74

What happened to Jefferson Davis at the end of the war?

Back 74

He was captured in May, 1865, near Irwinville, Georgia

Front 75

What did the Union do with Jefferson Davis after his capture?

Back 75

They charged him with treason, held him for two years, but never tried him

Front 76

Where did Confederate officials escape to after the war?

Back 76

Mexico

Front 77

What did many high-ranking Confederates become after the war?

Back 77

Insurance company executives

Front 78

How many fought in the Civil War

Back 78

More than 3 million

Front 79

How many Americans died in the Civil War?

Back 79

Over 600,000 men -- 2% of the population

Front 80

What were the total casualties of the war (dead and wounded)?

Back 80

1.1 million

Front 81

What human costs of the war were, in general, unique to the South?

Back 81

Many Southerners were left homeless and starving after the war

Front 82

How much did the Union spend on the war?

Back 82

$1.3 billion

Front 83

What were the total war costs estimated at?

Back 83

$6.1 billion (extending past the war)

Front 84

How did the Union pay for the War?

Back 84

Raising taxes, issuing greenbacks, and starting the national bank

Front 85

What was the primary source of funding for the Confederacy during the war?

Back 85

Treasury bonds ($150 million), none which was ever repaid, and printing more currency, causing drastic inflation.

Front 86

What happened to the South's economy as a result of the war?

Back 86

It was virtually destroyed -- they lost 2/3 of their prior wealth

Front 87

What kind of destruction did the South suffer as a result of the war?

Back 87

Loss of railroads, industries, farm machinery, livestock, and homes

Front 88

How did the Northern economy fare as a result of the war?

Back 88

Northern wealth increased 50% from 1860 to 1870

Front 89

After the war, did the south's representation increase or decrease?

Back 89

Representation increased after the 1870 census, due to the the population of freedmen