Cive 221 Final

Front 1

productivity

Back 1

lakes ability to support aquatic life

measured by the algae growth

"produces" algae

Front 2

lakes vs productivity

Back 2

Oligotrphic

-low priductivity

-well Oxygen

Eutropihc

-high productivity

-low oxygen

Front 3

water density and overturn

Back 3

most dense at 4 degrees

therefore we get overturn

Front 4

Limnic eruption

Back 4

C02 exploding from tropical lakes

no overturn

Front 5

BOD

Back 5

Biochemical oxygen demand

Front 6

Dissolved oxygen vs temp

Back 6

Higher temp = lower Do

think of hot vs cold cola

Front 7

Do Sag curve

Back 7

5 zones

-clean (start)

-Decompisition (gets worse)

-Septic (@ the worst)

-Recovery ( I got better)

-Clean (end)

Front 8

infiltration vs inflow

Back 8

- infiltration (sneaky) ground water

- Inflow = storm water

Front 9

overall waste water treatment process

Back 9

Pre-treatment

-Bar rack

-Grit chamber

-Equalization

Primary

--Primary settling

Secondary

-Biological treatment

-Secondary settling

Tertiary

-Advanced waste treatment

Front 10

pre treatment

Back 10

-removes materials causing operational problems

-sand grit debris

Front 11

Primary treatment

Back 11

-Removes 60% solids and 35% BOD

-suspended particles

Front 12

Secondary treatment

Back 12

-Remove 85% BOD and Solids

-biological removes:

-BOD

-Ammonia

-Nitrate

-Phosphate

-

Front 13

Advanced treatment

Back 13

-Remove +95% BOD and Solids

Front 14

Dispersed Growth vs Fixed Growth

Back 14

Dispersed Growth - floating around

– Activated sludge

– Oxidation ditches/ponds

– Aerated lagoons, stabilization ponds

Fixed Growth - grow on something

– Trickling filters

– Rotating biological contactors (RBCs)

Front 15

Activated sludge

Back 15

Front 16

Aerobic ponds

Back 16

shallow = light pentrates to bottom

algae photosynthesis

Front 17

Anaerobic ponds

Back 17

used as pretreatment for high strength/temperature wastes

- fermentation

Front 18

Facultative ponds

Back 18

Aeraobic at the top of pond

Anaerobic at the bottom of the pond

Front 19

sludge types

Back 19

Primary

-3-8% solids

-70% organic

Secondary

-0.5-2% solids

-90% organic

Front 20

Sludge treatment process

Back 20

Thickening

Stabilization

Conditioning

De-watering

Reduction

Front 21

Thickening

Back 21

by gravity for primary

flotation for seconodary

Front 22

stabilization

Back 22

Aerobic Digestion

Anaerobic Digestion

-2 main advantages

-produce methane

-doesn't add oxygen

Front 23

Conditioning

Back 23

chemical conditioning

heat treatment

Front 24

de-watering

Back 24

drying beds

filtration (vacuum)

Front 25

reduction (volume)

Back 25

incineeration

-need dry

-need fuel

-solid inert

-treat exhaust air

wet oxidation

-wet is ok

-need energy

-solid inert

-treat exhaust air

Front 26

Disposal

Back 26

Spreading

Municipal landfill

Front 27

Water treatment process

Back 27

Screen

Rapid mix

Floculation (reaction)

Sedimentation

recarbonation (GW only)

Rapid sand filter

Disinfection

Storage

Front 28

Coagulation and Flocculation

Back 28

alter surface charge

particles adhere to each other and are capable of gravity settling

Front 29

Additives during water treatment

Back 29

Surface water

Alum (Al2(SO4)3)

Al(3+) + colloids --> neutralize surface charge

Ground water

Lime and Soda ash

Front 30

Alkalinity

Back 30

because of carbonates + H

HCO3 + CO3 + OH + H

Front 31

Hardness calculation

Back 31

Total Hardness = Ca + Mg

Alk = HCO3 + CO3 + OH + H

Carbonate Hardness = lesser of TH or Alk

Non-carbonate H = TH - CH

Front 32

hardness bar graph

Back 32

Cations on the top

Anions on the bottom

Front 33

Recarbonation

Back 33

adds CO2 to dissolve particles

Front 34

landfill???

Back 34