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15 Cards in this Set

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Where does the citric acid cycle take place?
In the mitochondria in eukaryotes, in the cytosol in prokaryotes.
Which coenzymes are reduced to conserve energy?
NAD+ --> NADH

Ubiquinone (Q) --> Ubiquinol (QH2)
Transports pyruvate into the mitochondria through the second membrane in symport with H+.
pyruvate transolcase
How many CO2 are released?
How many ADP/GDP are phosphorylated?
2 CO2
1 ADP/GDP
Step 1: Kreb's cycle
pyruvate --> acetyl CoA

by: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Step 2: Kreb's
acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate --> citrate

Formation of 6-carbon compound.
Step 3: Kreb's
Citrate --> isocitrate

Reorganization of citrate.
Step 4: Kreb's
Isocitrate to a-ketoglutarate

by: isocitrate dehydrogenase

Isocitrate is REDUCED.
NADH is formed.
Step 5: Kreb's
a-Ketoglutarate --> succinyl CoA

by: a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

a-Ketoglutarate is REDUCED.
NADH is formed.
Step 6: Kreb's
Succinyl CoA --> succinate

HS-CoA is removed.
GTP/ATP formed.
Step 7: Kreb's
succinate --> fumarate

QH2 is formed.
Step 8: Kreb's
fumarate --> malate

by: fumarase

Reorganization
Step 9: Kreb's
malate --> oxaloacetate

NADH formed.
Complete oxidation of 1 acetyl CoA in the Kreb's cycle yields how many ATP/GTP?
TEN
Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Inhibited by increased levels of NADH, and acetyl CoA.

Activated by NAD+ and HS-CoA.

Phosphorylation of E1 inactivates it.