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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Accessibility for data center
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Traffic should be considered
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Facility Layered defense
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Outer perimeter
Building grounds and construction ingress/egress interior |
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Physical Security examples
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locks, fences, evac procedures
surroundings (terrain, remoteness, etc) |
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Technical controls for facility
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proximity devices
IDS |
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Facility controls
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electrical power
HVAC Fire detection and suppression |
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First step of physical security
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identification of physical program team
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Physical security measures first line of defense
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people are the last line of defense
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Fencing standards deter casual trespassers
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3-4 feet
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Fencing standards too high to climb easily
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6-7 feet
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Fencing standards deter determined intruder
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8 feet with 3 strands of barbed wire
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Critical area fencing
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at least 8 feet high
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PIDAS (Perimeter Intrusion Detection and Assessment System) fencing
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detects if someone climbs wall or fence
mesh-wire with passive cable vibration sensor |
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Perimeter walls should be
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reinforced concrete or solid brick
not less than 10 feet can have barbed wire or spikes |
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Gates standards
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equal to fence or wall
strong hinges manned or cctv |
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Lighting standards entrances and parking lots
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at least 8 ft. high providing at least 2 foot candles
NIST recommendation Deterrent and Detection |
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Top guard
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barbed wire on top of fence
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Fire resistant material (walls)
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steel rods encased in concrete
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Environmental design
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focuses on relationship between social behavior of people and their environment
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Natural Surveillance
Crime Prevention Through Environment Design (CPTED) |
trimming back landscaping
installing cctv |
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Natural Access Control
Crime Prevention Through Environment Design (CPTED) |
Doors
Fencing Lighting landscaping placement (prickly bushes along path) |
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Facility attributes - walls
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combustibility of material (wood, steel, concrete)
Fire rating reinforcement for secured areas (doors) help prevent water damage windows provide UV protection or opaque |
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Facility attributes - ceilings
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combustibility of material (wood, steel, concrete)
Fire rating load and weight bearing rating drop ceiling - SIGNIFICANT THREAT |
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Facility attributes - doors
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Solid core (adds fire barrier)
should NOT open out unless required by code - if it does then needs sealed hinges frames attach to studs minimum 3 hinges |
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Emergency doors
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must be marked
include panic bars |
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Raised floors
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should be electrically grounded
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Humidity
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between 45 and 60 percent for data processing center
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Temperature
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between 70 and 74 degrees
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Environmental errors
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static electricity
overheating |
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During fire HVAC
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should be turned off
keep smoke from spreading don't provide oxygen for fire |
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Positive pressurization
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air flows out when door opens
smoke must flow out includes "positive air" pressure "positive drain" for water and gas lines |
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Sensitive Room Characteristics
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no more than 2 doors
small windows and restricted number full height walls (thru drop ceiling Walls, door, ceilings must have SAME fire rating - at least 1 hour Adjacent wall to paper records 2 HOUR RATING |
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CCTV requirements
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detection, recognition, identification
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Fail-soft
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door defaults to unlocked
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Fail-secure
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door defaults to locked
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Fail-safe
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door defaults to state that protects life
sometimes "fail open" |
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Mantraps
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prevents piggy backing and tailgating
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desired biometric features
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high user acceptance
low enrollment time high throughput |
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Door delay (cipher lock)
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door is held open for long period sets off alarm
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Key-override (cipher lock)
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different code combination used in emergency situations overrides usual procedures
also for supervisory overrides |
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Master keying (cipher lock)
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enables supervisor to change access code
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Hostage alarm
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code entered to communicate this situation
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Entry controls - best practices
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limit # of entrances
doors resist forced entry screening at every entrance log entries and exits do unscheduled inspections |
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Electro mechanical systems
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magnetic switches
metallic foil in windows pressure mats closed circuit - breaking window most widely used |
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Volumetric system
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vibration
microwave, ultrasonic, passive infrared photo-electronic proximity not used often - lots of false positives |
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Primary power source
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day to day power
dedicated feeders from sub station |
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Alternate power source
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generator
UPS |
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Inline UPS (uninterruptable power supply)
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constantly provides power from its inverter
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Standby UPS (uninterruptable power supply)
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monitors power line and switches to battery when there's a problem
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Transverse mode noise
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differences in hot and neutral wires
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Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
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causes by difference between wires (hot, neutral, ground)
lightning, electric motors line noise |
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Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)
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Line noise
fluorescent lighting electric cables radio signals |
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Transient noise
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disturbance imposed on a power line
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Power spike
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momentary high voltage
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power surge
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prolonged high voltage
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power fault
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momentary outage
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power blackout
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prolonged outage
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power sag
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momentary low voltage
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power brownout
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prolonged low voltage
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power inrush
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when power comes back on.
can be high initial surge of current when something requires an increase in power |
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fire fuel
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what's actually burning
wood, paper, wiring |
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four legs of fire
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heat
fuel oxygen chemical reaction |
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Fire detection - ionization
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reacts to charge particles
early warning |
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fire detection - thermal
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alarms when change in temp - high heat
fixed or rate of rise sensor |
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fire detection - photo electric smoke
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alarms when source of light is interrupted
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fire detection - infrared
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reacts to emissions of flame
senses pulsation of flame |
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detection placements
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on and above drop ceiling
below raised floors in air ducts |
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Class A fire "ASH"
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common combustibles
wood, paper, cloth, plastics use water, soda acid to put out |
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Class B fire "BEER"
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Liquids
petroleum, tars, oils, solvents, gases, alcohol use CO2, FM-200, Argon to put out |
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Class C fire "CHARGE"
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Electrical
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Class D fire
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flammable
sodium, potassium use Dry Power to put out |
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Class K fire
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Kitchen
vegetable or animal oils and fats use wet chemicals to put out |
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Fire suppression (fuel)
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use soda acid
releases co2 - displacing oxygen |
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Fire suppression (oxygen)
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use co2
displaces oxygen |
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Fire suppression (temperature)
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use water
reduces temperature |
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fire suppression (chemical combustion)
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use FM-200, Inergen (halon replacements)
interferes with the chemical reactions between elements displace oxygen |
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Halon replacements without ozone issues
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FM-200
FE-13 Inergen Argon |
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CO2
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can suffocate people
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dry chemicals are
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not effective against electrical fires
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Montreal protocol
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dictates that halon may no longer be manufactured
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pre-action sprinkler
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combo of wet and dry pipe
water is released into pipe then link must melt before water released requires supplemental system of detection |
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deluge sprinkler system
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same as dry pipe but the sprinkler head is open
lots of water fast requires supplemental system of detection |
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Training on DR and BCP is who's responsibility
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Management's!!!
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Best preventative measure against piggybacking/tailgating
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security guards
employee education on good security practices |
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Terrorism is
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politically motivated
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