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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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System Software
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often called firmware; manages and controls the physical hardware of a computer so that application software can work.
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Booting
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Loading the platform into the computer's memory
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Cold Boot
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Restarting the computer completely (bucket of water analogy)
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Basic input output system (Bios)
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is firmware programming embedded in to a computer chip, meaning the computer runs the same program every time it ’s turned on.
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Driver
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Another name for program
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Registry
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Inventory of what computer has and does (add more); The operating system in turn takes control and configures the computer ’s hardware to settings stored in a database called the...
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Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)
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The most common aspect of all major operating system user interfaces is that they present data and information in a graphical manner, and are therefore referred to as...
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File name
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What is the name of the file?
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Modification Date
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When was the file last accessed or saved?
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File Type
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What kind of file is it?
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File Size
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How big or small is the file?
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Magnetic Tape
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Slowest, cheapest form of back-up
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Why do viruses exist?
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Viruses exist to slow down commerce in business. Also, people create viruses to protect their products
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Application software
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performs tens of thousands of specific tasks the end-user needs, like creating a budget for accounting, creating a resume, or making a professional presentation. They are the programs that help an end-user do a particular task.
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System software (firmware)
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is software that manages and controls the physical hardware of a comp.. so app. Software can work
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Productivity suites
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are business application software. Also software suites. They have 3-5 app. Software (Word, Spread, Data, Presentation, Project)
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graphical user interfaces (GUI)
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are the most common aspect of an OS because they present data and info in a graphical manner.
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MULTITASKING
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System software's ability to support multiple software is called
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Spreadsheets
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have grid of info, capable of calculating and graphing and doing what if analysis.Intersection of a column and row is a cell.
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Cell
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is labled by is column/row location. Cell holds text of numeric. Text are labels or notes. Numeric holds formulas, numbers, and function.
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Word Processors
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allow users to make documents. Can also make webpageor intranet.
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Intranet
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is an organization to communicate essential info of operations like hr, policies, knowledge
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Database
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software that is contains collection of files which consist of records (row) of data separated by field (columns) that can be queries (questioned) to produce subsets.
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corporate memory
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They are relational databases. These use database software of historical data. Corporations store their history in data warehouses
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Data
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can be shared through Cut and Paste (static), Object embedding (static), Object Linking (dynamic)
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How COMP starts.
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Loads platforms into memory (aka Booting). Loading a comp for first time is cold boot. Restarted comp is a warm boot. Electricity goes through comp and comp searches for basic input/output system (BIOS). BIOS finds hdd, starts instructions and load OS. OS takes control and configures hardware to settings stored in a database called registry. Then system utilities are loaded. It authenticates too.
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Booting
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load's platform into computer's memory
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File management system
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provides info about folders and files and offer tools to navigate and organize. Some features are: file name, modification date, file type, file size
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Backup utilities
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copies comps data to back up device
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Antivirus utilities
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it identifies known viruses and blocks them. They have database of viruses to compare files to see if it is a virus.
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Clients
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a comp connected to a server
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Server
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the central comp that clients are connected to.
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Peripheral devices
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printers, scanners
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Node
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every device connected to a network
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Network Interface Controller
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allows comp to connect to network
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Most common NIC
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Ethernet card.
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Ethernet Card
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provide a 48 bit address called a MAC address. Helps identify comp on a network
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Protocol (second basic component of a network)
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convention or standard that controls or allows communication and data transfer between 2 computers
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Network cable
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specialized wires with adapters to plug into the NIC. Twisted pair cables cancel out electromagnetic interference. Ethernet cable is mos common.
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Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
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most common network protocol. To send info, tcp/ip breaks info into packets. Then receiving comp reassembles them.
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UDP (User datagram protocol)
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loses some packets
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Networks are good for:
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adding software to all comps, collaborating, backing up data, using internet
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Hub:
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central location of a computer network. Controls traffic.
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Network operating system (NOS):
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software that controls and entire network.
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Network administrator:
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responsible for smooth network operation, performance, new nodes, networks.
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Topology:
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mapping of a physical network and logical interconnections between nodes. Way network is arranged.
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Bus topology:
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network cable forms 1 single bus for each node to connect to.
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Star topology:
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all nodes are connected to one hub.
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Ring Topology:
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a node is connected to 2 other comps.
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LAN:
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computer network is small. Buildings, small businesses, small parts of large businesses
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Campus Area Network (CAN)
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computer network that connects 2 or more LANS on a location.
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
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comp network that connects 2 or more CANS together but within a city/town.
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Wide Area Networks (WAN)
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connects lans, cans, mans over a wide area.
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Peer to Peer (P2P)
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Connects comps to each other w/o server. Individual comps act as servers.
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Internet:
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connects thousands of networks. Largest network in the universe
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Network security:
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starts with solid understanding of network threats, and unwanted users. Administrators adopt policies to define rules for access.
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Password:
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use to authenticate.
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Strong passwords:
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long pass with diff. characters
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Web browsing:
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web browsing can be limited through networks
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Email/instant messaging:
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companies need to train employees to use it professionally.
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Permissions:
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network access to files/folders
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Firewall:
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specialized hardware/software that only authorized personnel can use an organization intranet.
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Intranet:
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private version of Internet but is confined within an organization.
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Human Resource
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understands people are the most important assets. They administer
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Accounting
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provides financial info for business. Allows decision making, investing, taxing.
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Marketing
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promotes business and behavior and customers. Advertising and branding. Products, pricing, promotion, placement
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Research and Development:
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creative and system approach to evolve idea and create new ones. Need to collaborate with hr and marketing. They need broad grasp of business.
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Production
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make goods (aka tangible products) and services for selling. See what and how much to produce. Looks at efficiency and costs.
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Share data, annual budgets, database, business collaboration
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2 or more people/department workings for a goal. They exchange data and info.
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Project Management Software
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provides business a collaborative road map for organizing and managing resources to schedule a project from start to finish.
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Knowledge Management Systems (KM)
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organize, create, and distribute business knowledge. Knowledge Transfer!!
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Business System Reporting/Reporting:
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informational output from an IS for decision-making. Reports are periodic. Also can be made on demands.
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Ad hoc reports
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Demand Reports. Help businesses make strategies/decisions.
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Strategic decision
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long-term planning to achieve a specific goal.
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Tactical decisions
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specific action that serve a larger purpose.
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Reporting Summarization Levels:
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the detail or summarization of a report. Transaction Processing System (TPS) collects and store data.
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Analysis and Predictive Reporting:
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reports that analyze info and are predictive for strategy and tactical decisions. Shows trends called TREND REPORTING
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Budget, Forecast, and Variance Reports
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what happens in past, present, and future.
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Actual: (Heading)
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shows what happens (present)
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Previous (Heading)
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(shows what happened)
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Variance:
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Difference
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Management level reporting:
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level of detail or summarising for certain employees. For example, executive reporting require little detail.
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Supervisory reporting
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has the highest detail and rarely used for decision making.
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