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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
function of circulatory system
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distribution of materials throughout body
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phyla with NO circulatory system
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porifera
cnideria platyhelminthes nematoda |
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open circulatory system
Pros? |
circulatory fluid spends time outside of system
+less energy required +less pressure required |
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Phyla with open circulatory system
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Mollusca (except squid)
arthropoda echinodermata (BUT also use Water vascular system) Annelida (numerous hearts) |
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closed circulatory system
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blood remains inside system at all times
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phyla with closed circulatory system
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Chordata
Mollusca- Squids and octopi |
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Which type of chordata has only one circuit?
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Fish
2 chambers 1 circuit |
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Which type of chordata has a system in which blood mixes?
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Amphibian
3 chambers (2 atria, 1 ventricle) 2 circuits mixing of blood - less efficient |
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Which type of Chordata has 3 and a half circuits?
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Reptiles
3.5 chambers (2 atria, 2 connected ventricles) 2 circuits |
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pulmocutaneous circuit
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heart to lung capilliaries to heart
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heart to body capilliaries to heart
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systemic circuit
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How do reptiles survive for extended periods without breathing?
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because of their 3.5 chambers, blood can bipass the lungs via the RIGHT SYSTEMIC AORTA and use ALL oxygen within blood cells
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Human heart
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4 chambres
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arteries
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carry blood AWAY from heart
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carry blood towards heart
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veins
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capilliaries
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exchange with other tissues
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Which vessel has the highest surface area?
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capilliaries - to allow for gas exchange
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which vessel has the highest velocity of blood?
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Aorta and arteries
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what is beneficial to capiliaries' low velocity of blood?
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allows for slow and efficient diffusion
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which vessel has the highest pressure?
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aorta, arteries
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blood pressure is measured as
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max pressure over min pressure
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max pressure is
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systolic pressure (audible) the sound of your VENTRICLES contracting
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min pressure is
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diastolic pressure (inaudible) your ventricles relax
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normal blood pressure is
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120/80
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What are the tissue layers in arteries?
1. 2. 3. |
Outer to Inner
1. surrounded by loose connective tissue -contains elastin fibres to allow artery to stretch 2. smooth muscle -contract and dialate to control blood flow 3. single endothelium layer of epithelial cells to allow gas exchange |
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What are the tissue layers in capilliaries?
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single layer of endothelium, epithelial cells to allow diffusion of gas between tissue and surrounding cells
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What are the tissue layers in veins?
1. 2. 3. 4* |
Outer to inner
1. loose connective tissue - thinner than arteries 2. smooth muscle - thinner than arteries 3. single endothelium layer of epithelial cells 4* contain ONE WAY VALVES to stop backflow in extreme low pressure and from gravity |
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What percentage of blood is plasma?
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55%
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what percentage of blood are cellular elements?
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45%
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matrix of connective tissue, composed of mostly water
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plasma
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What is the purpose of H2O in plasma?
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it acts as a solvent for carrying substances
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What is the purpose of ions in plasma?
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water concentration balance, adjust acidity (buffer)
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What other elements are in plasma?
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proteins, nutrients, waste, gases, hormones
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Cellular components of plasma
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erythrocytes (RBC)
leukocytes (WBC) thrombocytes (platelets) |
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what iron-containing-protein allow O2 to be carried by erythrocytes?
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hemoglobin
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Where are blood cells made?
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stem cells of bone marrow of the skeletal system
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where is hemoglobin produced?
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liver
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