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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arteries carry blood...
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away from the heart
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veins carry blood...
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back to the heart
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Circulatory System divided into three major parts...
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1. heart 2. blood 3. blood vessels
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CS transports...
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1. Nutrients 2. H2O 3. Oxygen
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CS carries away...
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Carbon Dioxide
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Type of Muscle?
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Cardiac
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Three types of Blood Vessels...
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1. Artery 2. Capillary 3. Veins
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Blood/day
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5 quarts
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Capillaries
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tiny blood vessels that connect the arteries and veins.
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Blood/day
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5 quarts
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Right Side of Heart
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pumps blood to lungs to pick up oxygen
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Left Side of Heart
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pumps oxygen/blood to rest of body
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Divided into four parts...
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R & L Atrium; R & L Ventricle
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Three layers of the Heart...
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1. epicardium 2. myocardium 3. endocardium
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Atria...
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two thin-walled chambers that receive blood from the veins.
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Ventricles...
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two thick-walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart.
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Right Atrium
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receives deoxygenated blood from systemic veins.
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Left Atrium
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receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.
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Valves between the atria and ventricles...
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call atrioventricular valves (cuspid valves)
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Valves at the bases of the vessels, leaving the ventricles...
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semilunar valves.
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Right atrioventicular valve...
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tricuspid valve.
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Left atrioventicular valve...
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bicuspid valve.
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Right ventricle & pulmonary trunk valve...
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pulmonary semilunar valve.
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Left ventricle & the aorta valve...
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aortic semilunar valve.
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Blood flows...
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from the right atrium to the right ventricle, then to the lungs.
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Myocardium
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needs a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients.
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R & L Coronary arteries...
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branches of the ascending aorta, supply blood to the myocardium.
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sinoatrial node
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SA node - sections of nodal tissue that is located in the upper wall of the R atrium. "pacemaker"
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Systole
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contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.
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Diastole
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the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.
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Cardiac Cycle...
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lasts 0.8 seconds.
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Murmurs...
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abnormal heart sounds.
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Pulmonary Vessels
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system that transports blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium.
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Systemic Vessels
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system that carries blood from the left ventricle to the tissues in all parts of the body and then returns the blood to the right atrium.
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arterioles
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microscopic branches of arteries.
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Three layers of an Artery...
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1. tunica intima (tunica interna) 2. tunica media 3. tunica externa (tunica adventitia)
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venules...
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small veins
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capillaries exchange...
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gases, nutrients, and metabolic waste products between the blood and the tissue cells.
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Pulse...
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rythmic expansion of an artery that is caused by the ejection of blood from the ventricle.
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blood pressure (arterial blood pressure)...
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the pressure in the aorta and its branches.
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systolic pressure...
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due to ventricular contraction.
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diastolic pressure...
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occurs during cardiac relaxation.
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pulse pressure...
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the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.
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sphygmomanometer...
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tool to measure blood pressure.
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Pulmonary Circulation...
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transports oxygen poor blood from R ventricle to the lungs to pick up new blood supply.
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Systemic Circulation...
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carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products.
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heart beats/day
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100,000
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plasma
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55% of blood is this.
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hemoglobin...
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oxygen carrying part of blood. Red blood cells.
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White blood cells...
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protects the body from infections; larger than RBC, but fewer.
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lymph
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clear, yellowish fluid
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lymph nodes...
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masses of tissue that filter lymph before it returns to the blood.
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Use of lymph nodes...
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act as a barrier to the spread of infection; destroy and filter out bacteria before they pass into blood.
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anemia...
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a condition in which the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood is below normal levels.
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miles of blood vessels in body...
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60,000
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erythrocytes
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red blood cells
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lukocytes
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white blood cells
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thrombocytes
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platelets
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pericardium
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double layered sac that covers the heart.
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lub
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atrioventicular valves are closing
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dub
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semilunar valves are closing
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tachycardia
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when the heart rate is above normal (>100 beats per minute)
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brachycardia
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when the heart rate is slower than normal (<60 beats per minute)
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Hypertension
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another word for blood pressure
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High number for blood pressure
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the systolic number; represents the pressure when the heart is beating.
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Low number for blood pressure
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the diastolic number; represents the pressure when the heart is resting between beats.
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mm Hg
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milimeters of mercury
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blood pressure nickname
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"silent killer"
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Factors that lead to high blood pressure...
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1. kidney abnormality 2. structural abnormality of the aorta 3. narrowing of certain arteries.
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High blood pressure can lead to...
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1. stroke 2. heart disease 3. kidney failure
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Angina Pectoris
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pain and tightness in the chest caused by lack of oxygen to the heart.
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heart attack
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insufficient oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle cells, resulting in tissue death and decreased heart function.
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atherosclerosis
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accumulation of fatty deposits in blood vessels, narrowing and eventually blocking them.
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congestive heart failure
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a slow, gradual weakening of the heart muscle from overwork
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stroke
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an interruption of the flow of blood to any part of the brain
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arteriosclerosis
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hardening of the arteries from plaque buildup along the inner lining of arteries
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congenital
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occuring at birth
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TIA's
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transient ischemic attacks
-mini strokes -stroke like symptoms |
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Detect stroke (F.A.S.T.)
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1. Face (droop?)
2. Arms (drift?) 3. Speech (slurred?) 4. Time (call 911) |
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Symtoms of Stroke
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-weakness of the face, arm, or leg.
-dimness of loss of vision -numbness -loss of speech -trouble understanding -headaches |
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Symptoms of CAD
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-shortness of breath
-irregular heartbeats -weakness or dizziness -nausea -sweating |
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Myocardial Infarction
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aka Heart attack
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EKG
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electrocardiogram; a test that records the electrical activity of your heart.
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ideal blood pressure reading...
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120/80
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Heorrhage Stroke
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blood vessel leaks blood into the brain
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Fatal cases of stroke a year...
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160000
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good cholesterol...
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HDL
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bad cholesterol...
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LDL
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tryglycerides
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form of fat produced in the body and individual's with high amounts of this generally have low levels of good cholesterol
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HDL
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high-density lipoprotein
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LDL
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low-density lipoprotein
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cholesterol
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a soft, waxy substance found among fats circulating in your blood stream
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