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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alkane to alkene |
[Cracking]
Al2O3 450° |
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Alkane to halogenoalkane |
[FRS] UV light |
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Alkene to alkane |
[Hydrogenation]
H2 Nickel (catalyst) 150° |
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Alkene to dihalogenoalkane |
Add bromine water in dark (In Cl4) |
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Alkene to hydroxylhalogenoalkene |
[EA] Br2 Rtp |
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Alkene to halogenoalkene |
[EA] HCl |
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Halogenoalkane to alkene |
[Elimination]
ethanolic KOH |
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Halogenoalkane to nitrile (CN) |
[NS]
Ethanolic KCN |
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Nitrile to amine (NH2) |
[Reduction]
LiAlH4/NaBH4 in dry ether |
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Nitrile to carboxylic acid |
[Hydrolysis]
Dilute H2SO4 / HCL Refulx |
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Halogenoalkane to amine |
[NS] Add NH3 Reflux With pressure |
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1° alcohol to halogenoalkane |
[halogenation] / [substitution] NaBr + Conc. H2SO4 |
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Halogenoalkane to 1° alcohol |
[Hydrolysis] / [NS] aq. NaOH Reflux |
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Alkene to 1° alcohol |
[EA]/ hydration +H2O H3PO4 (catalyst) 300° 60 atm |
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1° alcohol to alkene |
[E]/ dehydration
Conc. H2SO4 180° Refulx |
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Alkene to di-ol |
[EA]
Dilute acidified cold KmNO4 (Purple sol decolourised) |
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1° alcohol to aldehyde |
[oxidation]
Acidified K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 Distil |
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Aldehyde to 1° alcohol |
[reduction]
NaBH4/ LiAlH4 in dry ether Reflux |
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2° alcohol to ketone |
[O]
Acidified K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 Reflux |
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Ketone to 2° alcohol |
[reduction] / [NA]
NABH4/ LiAlH4 in dry ether |
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Aldehyde to carboxylic acid |
[oxidation] Acidified K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 Reflux |
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Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile (CN + OH) |
[NA] HCN + NACN + H2SO4 10-20 ° |
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Hydroxynitrile to hydroxyamine (OH + NH2) |
Reduction
NaBH4/LiAlH4 in dry ether |
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Hydroxynitrile (CN + OH) to hydroxycarboxylic acid (OH+ COOH) |
[hydrolysis] Dil. HCl / H2SO4 Reflux (The CN turns into COOH) |
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Aldehyde + Fehling's solution (warm) |
carboxylate ion formed (COO-) + Cu2O (red ppt) |
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Aldehyde +tollens reagent [Ag(NH3)2]+ |
Ag + COO- Silver mirror forms |
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Aldehyde + 2,4- DNPH (warm) |
Addition-elimination rxn / condensation rxn Orange ppt formed |
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Ketone + 2,4- DNPH (warm) |
2,4 - dinitrophenylhydration forms Orange ppt |
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Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride |
+ SoCl3/ PCl3/PCl5 |
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Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid |
[Hydrolysis] +H20 |
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Carboxylic acid + Na (s) |
COO-Na + H2 (Effervescence) |
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Ch3coo-na to Carboxylic acid |
+ Hcl |
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Test for carboxylic acid |
+CaCO3 at rtp (Carboxylate ion)Ca2+ + co2 + H20 Effervescence if present |
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Carboxylic acid to ester |
Alcohol + conc. H2SO4 Reflux |
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Ester to carboxylic acid + alcohol |
[hydrolysis]
H2SO4/ HCl (aq) +Heat |
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Ester to carboxyl ion(Na+) and 2°alc |
[hydrolysis] +aq. NaOH Reflux |
