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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is imperialism
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Imperialism is the conquering of a weaker country and adding it to your own empire.
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what drove nations to pursue imperialism
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It was caused by industrialization. Increase demand of raw materials, colonies creating markets to sell factory made goods, a desire to spread Christianity, and nationalism causes competition between European countries.
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What is the White Man’s Burden?
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The White Man’s Burden was europeans believed that they were superior and that their duty and right to “Westernize” uncivilized places.
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What advantages did the Europeans have over African tribes?
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The European advantages were military technology. They had a maxim gun which was the first automatic machine gun. They also had railroads and steamboats for transportation. Another advantage was better communication systems. This helped control of large regions. Quinine helped Europeans fight Malaria and Africa’s diversity kept tribes divided.
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What is a colony? |
Most Control A country of territory w/ its own internally by a foreign powerEx. 13 American colonies |
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What is a protectorate? |
Second Most Control A country or territory w/ its own internal gov’t but under control of an outside powerEx. US, Panama |
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What is a Sphere of Influence? |
Third Most Control
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges Ex. British and India |
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What is Economic Imperialism? |
Least Control An independent but less developed country is controlled by foreign, private business, not gov’tEx. Dole Fruit and Hawaii |
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Describe Africa before European domination.
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Africa Before Europeans:
Divided into hundreds of different ethnic and linguistic groups Over 1000 different languages Mixture of Islam, Christianity, and traditional African beliefs Dangerous rivers and disease discouraged European exploration. Only coastline owned by Europeans |
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David Livingstone
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Scottish missionary, explored Congo and spread Christianity.Went missing and many expeditions were set to find him, 1860s
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King Leopard ll
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Belgium King, special interest in colonizing AfricaBelgium was first Europeans colonize interior.Belgian companies treated Africans like slavery
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Westernize
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to convert the native population to European lifestyle; religion, technology
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Social Darwinism
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survival of the fittest theory applied to human societySuccessful are wealthy and powerful, unsuccessful are poor
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Explain the factors that allowed Europeans to control Africa.
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European Advantages:
Military technology Railroads, steamboats for transportation Better communication systems Helped control of large regions Quinine helped Europeans fight malaria Africa’s diversity kept tribes divided |
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Maxim Gun |
first automatic machine gun
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Berlin Conference
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European countries meet to divide up Africa peacefully, 1885. No Africans were invited
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Few Africans brought European goods..so
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Europeans began to focus on resource extraction instead of colonization
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Shaka Zulu
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African tribal leader (Zulu), used highly disciplined warriors and effective military tactics against British
Primitive weapons were beaten by European weapons 1870’s |
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Boers |
Dutch settlers who have been in Africa Boer Wars: 1899-19 |
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Explain the different forms of colonial control.
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Direct and Indirect |
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Indirect Control |
Native, local gov’t officials are used
Limited self rule, makes own decisions Goal: develop future leaders Gov’t institutions are based on European models but have local rulers Ex. Britain, United States |
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Direct Control |
Foreign officials are brought in to rule
Paternalism- foreign officials provide for the natives needs but don’t give them rights Goal: Assimilation- native populations adopt foreign culture and way of life Govt institutes are based only off European styles Ex. French, Germans, Portuguese |
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Paternalism
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foreign officials provide for the natives needs but don’t give them rights
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Assimilation
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native populations adopt foreign culture and way of life
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Explain British rule in Nigeria.
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Nigeria- Lower Nigeria conquered through diplomatic and military means (signing protectorates)
Upper Nigeria controlled by Royal British Nigeria Company (signed exclusive trade rights to Palm Oil) British claim all of Nigeria as a colony Land is to Diverse (language, religion, cultures) |
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Nigeria
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Lower Nigeria conquered through diplomatic and military means (signing protectorates)
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Maji-Maji Movement
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native African rebellion against germans
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African resistance movements
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All native resistance is unsuccessful due to European weaponry
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Summarize the Maji-Maji Movement |
Natives pour magic water over themselves for protection
Germans use machine guns to kill over 75,000 Germans switch from Direct to indirect rule |
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Menelik ll
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ethiopian leader, led successful resistance against europeans
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the impact of colonial rule in Africa |
Menelik II Put rule against each otherPurchase European weapons Fought off Italian forces at Battle of Adowa Ethiopia remains free from imperial power |
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Summarize the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
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Weak sultans
Divided, corrupt gov’t Corruption caused by financial losses Janissaries resist modernization Rise of nationalism Loss of Greece, Serbia |
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Describe the Crimean War
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Crimean War: 1853
Russia vs Ottomans, British, French won Russia wanted the Crimea, access to warm water port First war to be covered in newspapers Florence Nightingale- founded British nurse’s Red Cross Brigade |
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Florence Nightingale
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founded British nurse’s Red Cross Brigade
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Muhammad Ali
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Ottoman governor of Egypt, 1831
He secedes from the Ottoman Empire, opens trade with Europe Focuses on cash crops (cotton) |
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Suez Canal
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human made waterway connecting Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean , 1869
Funded by the French |
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Explain Egypt’s reforms
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Massive modernization projects bankrupt Egypt
British declare Egypt as their protectorate |
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Evaluate Persia’s response to foreign pressure
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Persia
Russia claims land in North through military conquest Persia opens oilfields to British investors (Persian Oil Company) To raise money to modernize their country British and Russians complete Persian people look to religious leaders for guidance Fear of change and resistance to Western culture lead to riots Persian gov’t loses control, 1906 Russia and Britain militaries move in, divide Persia into spheres of influence |
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“Jewel of the Crown”
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India was the most valuable of all British colonies
Major supplier of raw materials Population of 300 million customer of British made goods British set up restrictions on Indian economy Indian competition with British goods is illegal British goods drive out traditional, local businesses |
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British in India
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British East India Company defeats Mughal Empire, 1757
East India Company ruled India without British gov’ts Company had British officials oversee production, colonial gov’ts Sepoys- Indian soldiers commanded by British officers |
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Sepoys
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Indian soldiers commanded by British officers
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Indian Trade
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British railroads transport goods from interior of India to coast
Indian farmers grow:Tea, coffee, cotton, opium Europe relies heavily on Indian raw materials |
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Identify the positive aspects of British colonialism in India.
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Positives:'
-Railroads connect regions, support national unity -Roads, telegraph wires, dams, bridges, modernize country -Schools and hospitals improve literacy and sanitation |
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Identify the negative aspects of British colonialism in India
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Negatives:
India loses independence, British control gov’t Indian entrepreneurs driven out of business Cash crops increased famine Christian missionaries and racist officials increase tensions |
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Rise of Indian nationalism:
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-Indians wanted:
An end to child marriages & the caste system Representation in British government or independence Equal pay, opportunities -Indians were treated: As second class citizens Barred from government Paid much less Given hard labor work |
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Imperialism in Southeast Asia
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Pacific Rim:(countries that border the Pacific Ocean)
Western nations wanted Pacific Rim islands and land for: Strategic location on route to china Tropical agriculture (bananas, sugar, cocoa) Minerals and oil |
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Explain how Siam remained independent
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Siam: (Thailand)
-Declared itself neutral zone between Britain & France Avoided colonization & economic exploitation |
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Describe US acquisition of Hawaii and the Philippines.
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Hawaii
Dole Fruit Company economically controls sugar plantations US business men push for Hawaiian statehood Annexation- addition of territory to a country US Marines invade after Hawaiians pass laws limiting US business power Annexed 1898 (US is savage- take that hawaiians) |