Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Front 1

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Back 1

a disease state characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis or emphysema; the airflow obstructive is generally progressive, may be accompanied by airway hyperreactivity, and may be partially reversible.

Front 2

Chronic Bronchitis (CB)

Back 2

a clinical diagnosis defined by excessive secretion of bronchial mucus and is manifested by daily productive cough for 3 months or more in at least 2 consecutive years.

Front 3

Emphysema

Back 3

a pathologic diagnosis that denotes abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, with destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.

Front 4

pathogenesis of emphysema

Back 4

Lung neutrophils, macrophages, mononuclear cells → elastase and other proteases → Excessive lysis of elastin and other structural proteins in the lung matrix

Front 5

5 “R” strategy

Back 5

Relevance,Risk,Rewards,Roadblocks,Repetition

Front 6

Bullectomy

Back 6

Surgical procedure for palliation of severe dyspnea in patients with severe bullous emphysema, large bulla that no ventilation or perfusion will be removed and compresses adjacent lung that has preserved function.