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62 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

haploid (N)

23

diploid (2N)

46

euploid

normal number of chromosomes (46)



aneploid

wrong number of chromosomes

Trisomy 21

when you have 2 number 21 chromosomes


traits: round forehead, short in stature, short extremities.

epicanthal fold

the skin of the upper eyelid that covers the inner corner of the eye. The fold runs from nose to the inner side of the eyebrow.

simian fold

extra "lifeline"; the creases in the hand

autosomes

chromosomes 1-22 are called __.

gametes

sex cells; chromosome 23

kinefelter

xxy instead of 46 chromosomes the diploid number would be 47

turner syndrome

xy


distinctively female, IQ lessened, webbed neck, short in stature, elbows permanently turned inward.

super females

xxy

super males

xyy

chromosomal aberrations

problems with chromosomes

criduchat

on chromosome 5 there is a deletion that occurs. results in an individual that has failure to thrive.


common in children, make cat sounds



does DNA contain histones?

yes

do proteins contain histones?

no

histones

They are the chief protein components of chromatin, acting as spools around which DNA winds, and playing a role in gene regulation.

xx

female

xy

male

DNA

Double helix



two personality traits of DNA:

1. undergoes replication (makes copy of itself)


2. involved in protein synthesis. produces protein

anchondroplasia

a hereditary condition in which the growth of long bones by ossification of cartilage is retarded, resulting in very short limbs and sometimes a face that is small in relation to the (normal-sized) skull.


Aa children


point mutation


ex: scell


frame shift mutation

histology

the stufy of tissues

tissues are composed of?

grouped cells similar in structure and function and preform a particular job

tissues are associated with an __ __.

tissues are associated with an extracellular matrix.



extracellular matrix

non-living material


amount varied from tissue to tissue




functions: support, protect, and aids in wound healing, growth , and development, immune response, and the connection of tissues

epithelial tissue

the type of tissue that covers the body.


lining tissue


connected to a lower level or basement membrane


characteristics: thin, regular shaped, can absorb, can exist in single or multi layered forms, even some glands are considered epithelial.

simple epithelial tissue

type of epithelial tissue that contains 1 layer

stratified epithelial tissie

type of epithelial tissue that is multilayered

pseudo stratified tissue

type of tissue that appears multilayered but isn't

cubodial tissue

type of tissue that is 3D and cube shaped

squamos tissue

type of tissue that is flat

columnar tissue

column shaped tissue

transitional tissue

type of tissue that has various shapes; stretchy


ex:bladder

connective tissue

a tissue that makes up a significant portion of the human body mass


characteristics: gives support, some is capable of hematopoiesis, immunity, storage of fat, repair, and insulation/cushioning.


vasculized.



elastic fiber

fiber made up of elastin


capable of stretching


associated with organs

mast cell

produce histamine


important in inflammatory responses.


dilates small vessels


too much histamine causes allergic reactions

adipose/ fat tissue

type of connective tissue that can occur singularly or in clusters


good for cushioning, insulation, storage of energy in the form of fat


found in numerous places on the body



cartilage tissue

type of connective tissue that is very common


provides support, allows movement, not much blood



hyaline cartilage

type of cartilage that gives support, protection


found in various locations on the body such as your trachea or ends of long bones

fibro cartilage

type of cartilage that has a lot of fiber; pretty dense and tough

elastic cartilage

types of cartilage made of elastin


can be found on the pinna of the ear or the tip of the nose

marfan syndrome

An inherited disorder that affects connective tissue.

Including serious conditions like aortic enlargement.

bone/osseous tissue

type of tissue that is very distinct under a microscope


functions: important in protection and support, production of blood cells, stores calcium, stores energy and calcium

spongy bone

found at the ends of long bones


ex: sternum and frontal bone


when broken it has struts or spaces called trabeculae; and between these struts we find bone marrow

osteocyte

working unit of bone

compact or dense bone



glandular tissue

a tissue that consists of a complex network designed to carry milk to the nipple. made to secrete or release a substance. can be secreted into a duct or body surface.

simple squamos tissue

type of epithelial tissue that is held together tightly


single and flat


connected to basement membrane


highly developed for osmosis and diffusion

epithelium tissue

the thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body's surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures; lines the inside of vessels

mesothelium

a membrane composed of simple squamous cells that forms the lining of several body cavities including the abdominal pelvic region

simple cubodial tissue

type of epithelial tissue that has one layer and is shaped like cubes


important in diffusion and osmosis


location:lines ducts, surface of the ovaries, and kidney tubules

simple columnar tissue

epithelial tissue that single layer column shaped


can be both non-ciliated and ciliated


location fallopian tubes





goblet cell

shiny cells that secrete mucus

pseudo-stratified cliated columnar tissue

type of epithelial tissue that is 1 layer and columned shaped


location: tachea

stratified squamos tissue

epithelial tissue that is multilayered and square shaped


associated with keratin


waterproofing


some non-keratin: more delicate


ex: lining of the esophagus or the vagina

transitional epithelium tissue

types of epithelial tissue best known for its ability to stretch


made up of several layers of cells


location: lining of the bladder

endocrine glands

glands that make hormones and secrete them into ducts and carried by the circulatory system to reach a specific target



ex: thyroid gland, pituitary gland, thymus, adrenal gland, ovaries, and testes.



we have a variety of these glands in our body

exocrine glands

the most numerous gland type in the human body


secrete substances directly to the surface. some secretions may include sweat, tears, milk, or saliva


pancreas has exocrine functions

merocrine

a term used to classify exocrine glands and their secretions in the study of histology. A cell is classified as merocrine if the secretions of that cell are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct or ducts and thence onto a bodily surface or into the lumen.

apocrine gland

a type of gland that breaks away upon secretion (sudoriferous)


ex: cat marking, sunk defense, mammary gland

holocrine gland

a type of gland that entirely breaks away during secretion


ex: sebaceous glands such as acne or cysts, ceruminous glands that produce cerumen (earwax glands), meibomian gland (found in the eye)