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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mesopotamia |
"In the midst of rivers" or "between rivers". Fertile land between Tigris & Euphrates rivers. |
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Hammurabi |
King of Babylon, known for his code, Hammurabi's code. |
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Enuma Elish |
Babylonian creation story. |
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Epic of Gilgamesh |
Contains similar flood story to Noah's account. |
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Via Maris |
The Way of the Sea, which follows the coast. |
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Kings Highway |
Main transportation route through the Transjordan Plateau, east of Jordan River. |
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Polytheistic |
Worship of multiple gods. |
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Tells |
Mounds built up over the centuries as communities are destroyed & new ones built were over the same site. |
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The Rosetta Stone |
The inscriptions on a black granite, discovered around 1800, made it possible to translate many previously undecipherable Egyptian inscriptions. In 3 languages, Greek, Coptic & hieroglyphics unlocked the key to understanding the language. |
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The Ugaritic Materials |
Beginning in the late 1920s, archaeologists discovered clay tablets in the ancient city of Ugarit in Syria. These tablets provided much information about Canaanite religion, often opposed by Hebrew prophets. |
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The Mari Tablets |
These texts come from Mari, a capital city in northern Mesopotamia on the Euphrates river. The excavations began in the 1930s, & the texts reveal third-and-second-millennia-BCE-customs of people who were ancestors of the Hebrews. |
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The Dead Sea Scrolls |
These texts were discovered mid-twentieth century in caves near the Dead Sea. The scrolls contain Biblical & non-biblical manuscripts. This find is the most famous of archaeological discoveries related to the Bible. It provides much background information to the New Testament & provides many texts to help in the tasks of textual criticism in Old Testament texts. |
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Genesis |
Primeval history & ancestral narratives. |
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Etiology |
An explanation of a current reality through narrating its origins. |
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Middle Bronze Age (2100-1550 BCE)
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Period of ancestors, fits the socio-historical world portrayed in the ancestral stories.
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The Documentary Hypothesis (JEDP) |
Theory that the Pentateuch developed from the combination of several documents. Sources of the Pentateuch. Writer "J" for Jahweh (German), "E" for Elohim, the book of Deuteronomy "D" became the next stage of development, followed by "P", the Priestly material (from Babylonian exile in sixth century). |
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Habiru |
Groups that caused considerable conflict & could have included rebellious elements among slave labor in Egypt & in Mesopotamia & among groups in Palestine. Evidence does not support an ethnic connection among Habiru & the Hebrews, but the escape from Egypt typifies the activities of these groups. |
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Exodus |
Creation of God's people & moves towards the fulfillment of the ancestral covenant promise. |
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YHWH |
LORD, Yahweh. God of the Hebrews. |
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Ramesses II |
Evidences places the liberation of the Hebrews in the reign of Ramesses II. |
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Leviticus |
Ritual codes determine the shape of the book, reflects the task of the Levites to teach about worship in their role of supporting the priests, the leaders of worship. |
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Numbers |
"Numbering" of the peoples. 1. The right ordering of life for the covenant people of YHWH. 2. Wilderness rebellions, that mirrors earlier pentateuchal narratives. |
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Deuteronomy |
"Second law", emphasizing covenant. The basic structure is acts of beneficence, followed by response of fidelity in a covenant relationship shaped by instruction. |
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Shema |
"Hear O Israel, The LORD is our God, the LORD alone." - Shema means "hear". |
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Main theological themes of the Pentateuch |
Creation & covenant |
