Chpt 30 Seed Plants

Front 1

What is a seed?

Back 1

consists of an embyo and its good supply, surrounded by a protective coat.

Front 2

Characteristics of Seed plants

Back 2

*seeds
*reduced gametophyte
*heterospory
*ovules
*pollen

Front 3

What is the advantage of seed adaptions?

Back 3

* resistant to desiccation
*resistant to UV exposure
*reproduction away from moist conditions

Front 4

What is the advantage of a reduced gametophyte?

Back 4

gametophyte can develop from spores retained within the sporangia of the parent sporophyte.

Front 5

what constructs an unfertilized ovule?

Back 5

the megasporangium(2n) containing the megaspore(n) (f gametophyte/egg) is surround by a tissue layer of integument(2n).

Front 6

Integument

Back 6

layer of sporophyte(2n) tissue around megasporangium(2n).
*Gymnosperms have 1
*angiosperms have 2

Front 7

Seed plant phylums

Back 7

Gymnosperm
Angiosperm

Front 8

pollen grain

Back 8

male gametophyte (n) (sperm) enclosed within a pollen wall

Front 9

Pollination

Back 9

Transfer of pollen to the ovules. Not considered fertilization.

Front 10

Characteristics of Gymnpsperms

Back 10

*seeds not enclosed in ovaries
*seeds exposed on modified leaves (sporophylls) that usually form cones (strobili)

Front 11

What was the transition from seedless to seed gymnosperms?

Back 11

Protgymnosperms
*woody stem with no seeds
*gymnosperms dominated the Mesozoic

Front 12

Phylum Cycadophyta

Back 12

*2nd largest group
*large cones and palm-like leaves

Front 13

Phylum Ginkophyta

Back 13

Ginkgo biloba is the only surviving species
*tolerates air polllution
*trees have different sexes

Front 14

Phylum Gnetophyta

Back 14

*Gnetum, 35 spc
*Ephedra, 40 spc
*Welwitchia1 spc
*grouped based on molecular data

Front 15

Phylum Coniferophyta

Back 15

*largest phylum
*600 spc
*Doulas fir, European larch, Common Juniper, Wollemi pine (40 individuals left), Seqoia (largest organism), Bristlecone pine (oldest organism)

Front 16

Megasporocyte ploidy level

Back 16

2n
within megasporangium

Front 17

Megasporangium ploidy level

Back 17

2n

Front 18

megaspore ploidy level

Back 18

n
develops into female gametophyte and contains the archegonium/ia which will form the egg

Front 19

Characteristics of Angiosperms

Back 19

Flowers and fruits (mature ovaries)

Front 20

Flower

Back 20

specialized structures for sexual reproduction

Front 21

Pollination Vectors

Back 21

Insects or other animals, wind dependent, water dependent

Front 22

Sepals

Back 22

modified leaves that enclose the bud

Front 23

petals

Back 23

brightly colored, aid in attracting pollinators

Front 24

Stamens

Back 24

Produce microspores that develop into pollen grains containing m gametophytes

Front 25

Parts of the stamen

Back 25

Filament= the stalk of the stamen
Anther = terminal sac where pollen is produced

Front 26

Carples

Back 26

Produce megaspores (which produce female gametophytes)
Single or multiple carpels

Front 27

Parts of the Carpel

Back 27

Stigma=sticky tip that receives pollen
Style= leads from the stigma to the ovary
Ovary= contains 1+ ovules, when fertilized becomes a seed.

Front 28

micropyle

Back 28

a pore that the pollen penetrates through to reach the ovule

Front 29

How many sperm are in a pollen grain

Back 29

two, one for the egg, one fuses with the two nuclei of the f gametophyte

Front 30

Double Fertilization

Back 30

Fertilization produces one Zygote, and a triploid cell

Front 31

cotyledons

Back 31

rudimentary seed leaves
either one or two

Front 32

Endosperm

Back 32

what the triploid cell of f gamtetophyte develops into. Is rich in nourishment for the developing embryo.

Front 33

Archaefructus liaoningensis/ archefructus stnensis

Back 33

ancient sngiosperms
* has stamen and carpels but lacks petals and sepals
* went back to aquatic enviro
*spiral formation of leaves

Front 34

Basal Anglosperms

Back 34

Oldest lineages
*Amborella (amborella trichopoda) lacks vessels
*Water lily
*star anise

Front 35

Magnoliids

Back 35

spiral arrangement of pedals

Front 36

Monocots

Back 36

one cotyledon
parallel veins
scattered vascular tissue
fibrous root system
one opening in pollen grain
floral organs in m of 3

Front 37

Eudicot

Back 37

two cotyledons
net like veins
ringed vascular tissue
taproot
three openings in pollen grain
floral organs in m of 4 or 5