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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Bacteria
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single celled living organisms
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Aerobic:
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requires O2 to survive (examples: strep, E.coli)
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Anaerobic: doesn’t need O2 to survive (examples: staph, salmonella)
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Gram negative/Gram positive:
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Types of stain used in the lab to help differentiate bacteria
Examples: Strep, Staph, E.coli, salmonella, polio, tuberculosis |
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Viruses:
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NON-living, made of strands of DNA surrounded by a protein coat
can only replicate in side a host’s cell by combining with the host’s DNA Examples: herpes simplex (cold sore), herpes zoster (chicken pox/shingles), measles, influenza, hepatitis |
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Fungi:
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microscopic plants (yeasts, molds).
Examples: candida (vaginitis), ring worm, athlete’s foot |
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Culture & sensitivity test:
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sample of infected tissue is tested (wound, throat, urine, blood)
1. to determine causative organism (bacterium or fungus) 2. to determine which antibiotics will kill the organism |
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Antibiotic:
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drug that treats bacterial infections. Antibiotics do NOT kill fungi or viruses.
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broad spectrum:
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inhibits or destroys many types of bacteria (gram positive & negative bacteria)
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narrow spectrum:
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inhibits or destroys only one type of bacteria
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MRSA :
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methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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VRSA:
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vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Nosocomial infection:
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infection acquired in the hospital during hospitalization
most often caused by health care workers -lack of hand washing & lack of barrier devices |
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Pathogenic:
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something that causes disease
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Normal flora:
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NON-pathogenic micro-organisms that live inside or on the body
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Pathogenic:
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something that causes disease
Normal flora: NON-pathogenic micro-organisms that live inside or on the body ANTIFUNGALS: used to treat fungi such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, yeast infections ANTITUBERCULARS: antibiotics specific to TB are given for several months after diagnosis TB is becoming increasingly resistant to known antibiotics!! TB skin test: to detect if a person has been exposed to mycobacterium bacteria Positive TB skin test means exposure, not infection. Further blood tests/chest X-rays ANTIBIOTICS Penicillins: (PCN) “cillin” narrow spectrum Available in 1940’s, originally made from a blue mold Examples: penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin/augmentin Methicillin: narrow spectrum gram positive bacteria (staph) “drug of last resort” Cephalosporins: “cef” or “ceph” broad spectrum Examples: cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefazolin Macrolides: “mycin” broad spectrum Examples: erythromycin Vancomycin—narrow spectrum gram positive bacteria (staph) “drug of last resort” |
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Tetracyclines:
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“cycline”
broad spectrum |
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Normal flora:
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NON-pathogenic micro-organisms that live inside or on the body
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ANTIFUNGALS:
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used to treat fungi such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, yeast infections
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ANTITUBERCULARS:
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antibiotics specific to TB are given for several months after diagnosis
TB is becoming increasingly resistant to known antibiotics!! |
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TB skin test:
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to detect if a person has been exposed to mycobacterium bacteria
Positive TB skin test means |
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Penicillins: (PCN)
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“cillin” narrow spectrum
Available in 1940’s, originally made from a blue mold Examples: penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin/augmentin |
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Methicillin:
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narrow spectrum gram positive bacteria (staph) “drug of last resort”
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Cephalosporins:
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“cef” or “ceph” broad spectrum
Examples: cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefazolin |
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Macrolides:
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“mycin”
broad spectrum Examples: erythromycin |
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prevention of VIRUSES:
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measles, mumps, rubella; chicken pox/shingles,
influenza, hepatitis A & B, HPV, polio, small pox |
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prevention of BACTERIA:
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diptheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus,
meningitis, pneumonia |
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ANTIVIRALS:
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treat viral illnesses caused by herpes viruses by speeding healing time & relieving pain.
Antivirals do NOT cure disease and do NOT prevent further outbreaks of disease. |
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HYPERSENSITIVITY:
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typical allergic reaction to a substance (can be mild or severe)
symptoms: rash, hives, pruritis (itching) |
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ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK: )
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SEVERE allergic reaction
1. massive vasodilation causing loss of blood pressure tp LETHAL levels! 2. Bronchospasm with swelling of airways causing inability to breathe Treated with epinephrine (beta receptor stimulant drug |
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Drug TOXICITY:
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drug causes tissue damage (reversible or irreversible),
drug must be discontinued STAT! Examples: ototoxicity (hearing damage), hepatotoxicity (liver damage), nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), phlebitis (vein damage), blood cell abnormalities (thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, leukopenia) |
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