Chpt 12, 13,

Front 1

prosocial behavior

Back 1

Voluntary behavior intended to benefit other people.

Front 2

parenting styles

Back 2

The general ways in which parents interact with their children.

Front 3

attribution

Back 3

In social cognition, any inference about the cause of a person's behavioral action or set of actions. More generally, any inference about the cause of any observed action or event.

Front 4

social psychology

Back 4

The branch of psychology that attempts to understand how the behavior and subjective experiences of individuals are influenced by the actual or imagined presence of other people.

Front 5

person bias

Back 5

The tendency to attribute a person's behavior too much to the person's inner characteristics (personality) and not enough to the environmental situation.

Front 6

self–esteem

Back 6

A person’s feeling of approval and acceptance of him or herself.

Front 7

reference group

Back 7

A group of people with whom an individual compares him– or herself for the purpose of self–evaluation. See also social comparison.

Front 8

social comparison

Back 8

Any process in which an individual evaluates his or her own abilities, characteristics, ideas, or achievements by comparing them with those of other people. See also reference group.

Front 9

self–serving attributional bias

Back 9

The tendency of people to attribute their successes to their own qualities and their failures to the situation.

Front 10

personal identity

Back 10

The portion of the self-concept that pertains to the self as a distinct, separate individual. For contrast, see social identity.

Front 11

social identity

Back 11

The portion of the self-concept?that pertains to the social categories or groups of which the person is a part. For contrast, see personal identity.

Front 12

explicit stereotypes

Back 12

Stereotypes that people hold consciously. See stereotypes. For contrast, see implicit stereotypes.

Front 13

stereotypes

Back 13

Mental concepts by which people characterize specific groups or categories of people.

Front 14

attitude

Back 14

Any belief or opinion that has an evaluative component–a belief that something is good or bad, likable or unlikable, attractive or repulsive.

Front 15

explicit attitudes

Back 15

Conscious attitudes; that is, attitudes that people are aware of holding and can state verbally. For contrast, see implicit attitudes.

Front 16

cognitive dissonance theory

Back 16

Festinger’s theory that people seek to relieve the discomfort associated with the awareness of inconsistency between two or more of one’s own cognitions (beliefs or bits of knowledge).

Front 17

implicit attitudes

Back 17

Attitudes that are manifested in a person’s behavior or automatic mental associations, even though the person may not be conscious of holding those attitudes. For contrast, see explicit attitudes.

Front 18

insufficient–justification effect

Back 18

A change in attitude that serves to justify an action that seems unjustified in the light of the previously held attitude.