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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Homo erectus’s high degree of adaptive success is evidenced by its:

increased reliance on material culture and increased intelligence.

Homo erectus skull morphology includes:

all of the above

Compared to earlier hominids the increased body size in Homo erectus is likely due to:

increased protein in the diet.

The original name for Homo erectus was:


Pithecanthropus

The earliest members of the genus Homo have been found dating from:


2.5–1.0 mya.

A central theme of human evolution is:


an increasing adaptive flexibility.

The Nariokotome Boy discovered at Lake Turkana (Homo erectus) has modern human traits such as:


shorter arms and longer legs than those of earlier hominids.

Homo habilis experienced a major shift to new environments that was characterized by:


tool use for obtaining and processing food.

What is the likely explanation for the rapid increase in body and brain size among Homo erectus?


greater access to protein and improved nutrition

Greater body size and facial gracility documented in Homo erectus are likely related to:


changes in tool technology and increasing access to meat and other proteins.

The discoverer of Homo erectus was:


Eugène Dubois.

The controlled use of fire by hominids:


contributed to geographical expansion and food production techniques in positive ways.

Which two fossil species lived at the same time around 2.5–1 mya?


Homo habilis and Homo erectus

Which species became increasingly specialized to foods requiring heavy chewing?


Australopithecus

Relative to Oldowan tools, Acheulean stone tools:


required more learning and skill to produce.

Southern and eastern African sites dating to 2.5 mya show habitats indicating:


a more frequent use of tools for the digging and processing of roots and tubers.

Homo habilis had traits that include:


short legs

Based on height calculations of Homo erectus fossils, physical anthropologists estimate that their average height was:


tall, with males about five feet nine and females about five feet three.

Fossil evidence of cut marks made with stone tools at early hominid sites suggests that:


meat eating started before Homo erectus but increased with more advanced technology.

What are the differences between Homo habilis and Homo erectus?


Homo erectus shows a reduction in the size of the face relative to the brain case.

The many stone tools, fragmentary animal bones, and teeth found at Gran Dolina, Spain, indicate that hominids there:


processed and consumed animals and other hominids.

Eugène Dubois was one of the first evolutionists in the nineteenth century who used the scientific method to test the hypothesis of early human ancestors in Asia with:


fossil evidence.

The first evidence of modern human traits, including increasing brain size and dependence on material culture shows up in:


Homo habilis.

Anatomical evidence from fossilized hand bones suggests that the precision grip needed to make and use stone tools was present:


in Homo habilis and some australopithecines.

Modern anatomical features of the Nariokotome Boy include:


relatively short arms and long legs.

Nonhuman primates have smaller brains; therefore the birthing process differs by being:


shorter and less painful.

All fossils represent:


transitions

Stone tools were more common from archaeological sites of:


Homo habilis.

Homo rudolfensis is morphologically similar to:


Homo habilis.