Chpt 10 Test

Front 1

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism. You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

Back 1

thighbones that angle in toward the knees

Front 2

Based on the research of Philip Reno, early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism, which is evidence for cooperation and likely for:

Back 2

pair bonding.

Front 3

Hominins have canines that are:

Back 3

small, blunt, and nonprojecting, with no diastema.

Front 4

In East Africa robust australopithecines are also called:

Back 4

Paranthropus

Front 5

Which of the following is an adaptive characteristic of bipedalism?

Back 5

longitudinal arch in the foot

Front 6

Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin evolution emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that:

Back 6

included the now extinct descendents of Au afarensis.

Front 7

The Oldowan Complex is a part of the:

Back 7

Lower Paleolithic.

Front 8

The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than:

Back 8

4 mya.

Front 9

The foundational behavior of Hominini was:

Back 9

bipedalism

Front 10

Ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found shows that:

Back 10

early hominins lived in a forest.

Front 11

An increased ability to see greater distances is one of the adaptations to:

Back 11

bipedalism

Front 12

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with:

Back 12

animal bones with cutmarks.

Front 13

Owen Lovejoy’s Provisioning hypothesis proposes that:

Back 13

monogamy and food provisioning created the necessity for bipedalism.

Front 14

Using tools and tool making is an adaptation by hominins as a result of:

Back 14

bipedalism

Front 15

Humans use their molars for:

Back 15

crushing

Front 16

The only preaustralopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is:

Back 16

Sahelanthropus tchadensis.

Front 17

The ravine in northern Tanzania where many early hominin fossils have been recovered (often referred to as the “cradle of humankind”) is:

Back 17

Olduvai Gorge.

Front 18

Ardi was adapted to life in trees and:

Back 18

on the ground.

Front 19

The discovery of Kenyanthropus platyops was important mainly because:

Back 19

it showed diversity in the hominin fossil record 3.5 mya.

Front 20

Speech, advanced cognition, and complex material culture:

Back 20

do not define a hominin.

Front 21

The adaptive radiation of the australopithecines after their split from the lineage that led to early Homo seems to have focused on _________.

Back 21

mastication

Front 22

Ardi’s intermediate form of bipedality included the use of:

Back 22

palms and feet to move along tree branches.

Front 23

The earliest hominins probably lived in which kind of environment?

Back 23

complex hybrid habitats

Front 24

Robust australopithecines were extinct by:

Back 24

1mya

Front 25

Which of the following is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus tchandensis?

Back 25

nonhoning chewing complex

Front 26

A hominin is defined as having two obligate behaviors:

Back 26

bipedal locomotion and nonhoning chewing complex.

Front 27

The Oldowan Complex is a part of the:

Back 27

Lower Paleolithic.

Front 28

Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin evolution emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that:

Back 28

included the now extinct descendents of Au afarensis.

Front 29

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because:

Back 29

it had longer legs relative to arm length than other australopithecines.

Front 30

Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa. It had:

Back 30

large molars, a big face, and a sagittal crest.

Front 31

The Oldowan Complex includes tools like:

Back 31

choppers, cobbles, flakes, and bone tools.

Front 32

Australopithecus garhi may be the ancestor of:

Back 32

Homo habilis.

Front 33

Australopithecus robustus’s large masticatory complex (large molars, face, and muscles) indicate an adaptation:

Back 33

to eating foods requiring heavy chewing.

Front 34

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with:

Back 34

animal bones with cutmarks.

Front 35

The discovery of Kenyanthropus platyops was important mainly because:

Back 35

it showed diversity in the hominin fossil record 3.5 mya.

Front 36

Evidence indicating that Orrorin tugenensis was bipedal comes mainly from which part of the skeleton?

Back 36

femur (thighbone)

Front 37

The diversity of the hominins included increasingly specialized

Back 37

diets

Front 38

Along with other distinct traits robust australopithecines had __________ adapted for grinding food.

Back 38

large temporalis muscles and a sagittal crest

Front 39

Thick dental enamel in__________ helps with crushing food.

Back 39

australopithecines

Front 40

Bipedalism’s advantages over quadrupedalism include:

Back 40

both a. and c