Chpt 10 Pretest

Front 1

Humans differ from apes because

Back 1

humans use spoken language

Front 2

The _____________ fossil, mistakenly thought of as the missing link between humans and apes, had a large cranial capacity but ape-like dentition.

Back 2

Piltdown

Front 3

The _____________ hypothesis about hominin bipedalism states that energy-efficient walking on two legs arose so that hominins could search for food that was dispersed as a result of climatic changes at the end of the Miocene

Back 3

patchy forest

Front 4

The _____________ hypothesis proposed by Owen Lovejoy states that the advantages of males carrying food and bringing it to females and young could have contributed to the rise of bipedalism

Back 4

provisioning

Front 5

Bipedalism’s advantages over quadrupedalism include

Back 5

All of these are correct.

Front 6

Bipedalism has disadvantages to quadrupedalism, including

Back 6

development of arthritis and back injuries

Front 7

The oldest pre-australopithecine, or a fossil link between late Miocene apes and australopithecines, found to date is

Back 7

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Front 8

The oldest australopithecine species is

Back 8

Au. anamensis

Front 9

The best-known australopithecine, represented by hundreds of fossils and dozens of individuals found mostly at Laetoli and Hadar, is

Back 9

Au. afarensis

Front 10

Robust australopithecine species include

Back 10

Au. aethiopicus

Front 11

Robust australopithecines differ from earlier australopithecines in their

Back 11

All of these are correct.

Front 12

The genus Australopithecine includes hominins that lived about

Back 12

4 - 1 mya.

Front 13

The Oldowan tool complex is attributed to __________________, making that hominin species the first to use tools.

Back 13

Au. garhi

Front 14

______________ arose around 3.5 mya and gave rise to at least two branches of hominins - later australopithecines and the genus Homo.

Back 14

Au. afarensis

Front 15

Kamoya Kimeu, a Kenyan whose excavation team has found numerous fossil remains, worked primarily with

Back 15

Richard Leakey.

Front 16

Your old roommate is in Australia on a one-year study abroad program. She excitedly skypes you and says her Aborigine friend mentioned an australopithecine skull he discovered while on "walkabout" in the desert. The skull has a small brain and wear on the tip of the canines. You respond that

Back 16

there is no evidence that australopithecines ever left Africa.

Front 17

While walking through a natural history museum, your little cousin points out the skull of an australopithecine with a large crest on the top and asks you what its purpose was. To simplify a complicated evolutionary trait, you tell your cousin that

Back 17

these hominins had muscles to eat hard foods such as nuts.

Front 18

In an argument with your parents, they claim that the only difference between australopithecines and early Homo species is a bigger brain in the latter. You argue that there are other differences, such as

Back 18

in addition to a larger brain, early Homo species have a smaller face and smaller teeth.

Front 19

Your mom has started complaining to you about her varicose veins and is thinking about surgery. You try to convince her not to by noting that

Back 19

people might not mind varicose veins as much if they realized they were a direct consequence of bipedality.

Front 20

Charles Darwin hypothesized that bipedalism arose so that hominins would have two free hands to create and carry weapons. The fossil evidence that now refutes this hypothesis includes

Back 20

the small brain and large canines of Ardipithecus.

Front 21

This picture shows the skeleton of the most famous Au. afarensis individual, nicknamed

Back 21

Lucy

Front 22

The difference in anatomy in these bones illustrates that

Back 22

apes can grasp tree branches better than humans.

Front 23

These footprints found in the ash at Laetoli show that hominins had which of the following characteristics of bipedalism?

Back 23

All of these are correct.

Front 24

Your physical anthropology professor asks you to arrange a bag of foot bones in anatomical position. When you finish, she asks you what you can tell from this right foot. You say that this hominin

Back 24

lived in the trees part of the time.

Front 25

Based on these two charts, it is valid to say that

Back 25

paleoanthropologists agree that australopithecines were descended from Ardipithecus.