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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Adverse Effects of Linezolid
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Thrombocytopenia and Nuetropenia
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Antibiotic that binds to a unique site located on the 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit. Currently there is no cross resistance with other protein synthesis inhibitors
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Linezolid
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Antibiotics that are potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 and increase plasma levels of many drugs (astemizole, cisapride, cyclosporine, diazepam, NNRTI, Warfarin)
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Streptogramins
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Toxicity of Clindamycin
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GI irritation, skin rashes, neutropenia, hepatic dysfunction, and possible superinfections w/ C. difficile and pseudomembranous colitis
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Main clinical use of clindamycin
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Severe infections caused by certain anaerobes such as Bacteroides
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Macrolide that inhibits several forms of hepatic cytochrome P450 and can increase the plasma levels of anticoagulants, carbamazepine, cisapride, digoxin, and theophylline
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Erythromycin
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Macrolide that can cause a hypersensitivity based acute cholestatic hepatitis
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Erythromycin
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Macrolide with the longest half-life
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Azithromycin (permits once daily dosing)
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Elimination of clarithromycin
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Hepatic metabolism and urinary excretion of intact drug
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Elimination of erythromycin
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Biliary Excretion
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Tetracycline that causes sensitivity to UV light
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Demeclocycline
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Fanconi's syndrome is attributed to the use of these outdated anti-microbials
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Tetracyclines
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Drugs that at high doses, especially in pregnant women and those with preexisting hepatic disease, that may impair liver function and lead to hepatic necrosis
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Tetracyclines
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Drug with broad spectrum of action including against MRSA and VRE strains, beta-lactamase producing gram-negative bacteria, anaerobes, chlamydiae, and mycobacteria
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Tigecycline
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Selective use of Demeclocycline
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Inhibits the renal actions of ADH and is used in the management of patients with ADH secreting tumors
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Selective uses of Doxycycline
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Lyme disease, prevention of malaria, and treatment of amebiasis
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Primary uses of tetracyclines
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Vibrio species
-Doxycycline is currently an alternate to macrolides in the TX or CAP |
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Mechanism of resistance to Tetracyclines
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Efflux pumps
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Toxicity of Chloramphenicol
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GI disturbances, inhibition of red cell maturation leading to a decrease in circulating erythrocytes, aplastic anemia is a rare idiosyncratic reaction; Gray baby syndrome and drug interactions
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Clinical uses of Chloramphenicol
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Backup drug for severe infections of Salmonella species and for the treatment of pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis in beta lactam sensitive person
-A commonly used topical antimicrobial |
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Drug that is usually bacteriostatic. Resistance is plasmid mediated, occurs through the formation of acetyltransferases that inactivate the drug
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Chloramphenicol
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MOA of Linezolid
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Bacteriostatic; binds to a unique site on the 50S ribosome, inhibiting initiation by blocking formation of the tRNA-ribosome-mRNA ternary complexes
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MOA of streptogramins
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Bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, constricting the exit channel on the ribosome through which nascent polypeptides are extruded. tRNA synthetase activity is also inhibited, leading to a decrease in free tRNA within the cell
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MOA of Tetracyclines
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Bind to the 30S ribosomal sub-unit, preventing binding of amino acid charged tRNA to the acceptor site of the ribosome-mRNA complex
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MOA of chloramphenicol
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Inhibits transpeptidation by blocking the binding of the aminoacyl moiety of the charged tRNA molecule on the acceptor site on the ribosome-mRNA complex
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Binding sites for chloramphenicol, macrolides, clindamycin (microbial protein synthesis inhibitors)
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50s ribosomal subunit
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Drugs notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis
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Clindamycin
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Drug that causes gray baby syndrome and aplastic anemia
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Chloramphenicol
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MOA of tetracycline
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Decrease protein synthesis by inhibiting 30S ribosome
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Drugs that cause teeth discoloration
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Tetracycline
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