Children/adolescents In Mental Health

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70 or < IQ test

onset <18 y/o

Degrees:
Mild (50-70)
Moderate (35-49)
Severe (20-34)
Profound (<20)

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Mental Retardation Criteria

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Emotionally detached, ritualistic behavior, delay in language skills, onset <3 y/o, more often in boys, strong genetic in sibs/twins, ^serotonin, impaired social interaction, communication, and imagination, have restricted activities/interest

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Autistim

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safety and improving social skills

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Intervention for autisim

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Development of multiple deficits after a period of normal function

Occurs mostly in girls, birth -5mons.

Loss of motor skills and social environment

"hand flappin"

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Rett's Disorder

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Regression in function after 2 yrs of normal growth and development

More in boys than girls

Same social communication and behavior deficits as autism

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Child Disintegrative Disorder

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Combo of severe impairments in social interaction with repetitive patterns in interests and behaviors

More in boys

Diag. in early adolescense is lifelong

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Asperger's syndrome

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-Line up toys
-are functional
-very intelligent
-not good social interaction
-no respect of other's boundaries

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s/sx of Asperger's syndrome

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inappropriate, inattentiveness, overactivity, impulsiveness

^dopamine and norepinephrine

ratio of boys to girls = 3:1

Diagnosed=preschool or school

Diff. forming interpersonal relationships

Low frustration level

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ADHD

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6 symptoms of inattention, 6 symptoms of hyperactivity

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ADHD combined type

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6 symptoms of inattention for at least 6 months

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ADHD predominantly inattentive type

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6 months of hyperactivity for at least 6 months

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Predominantly hyperactive, impulsive type

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safety, improved social interaction, self-esteem, comply w/ task expectations

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ADHD interventions

Front 13

persistent antisocial behavior in children and adolescents that impairs their ability to function in social, academic, occupational areas

Childhood onset <10 y/o
Adolescent onset >10 y/o

Aggression to people/animals, destructive, deceitful, theives, violations of rules

Low serotonin and norepi, low academic achievement

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Conduct disorder

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minor harm to others

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mild conduct disorder

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conduct problems and harm to others

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moderate conduct disorder

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many conduct problems and considerable harm to others

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Severs conduct disorders

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consistent pattern of rejecting adult authority

precursor to conduct disorder

persistent fighting and arguing, easily annoyed, annoying and vindictive

behavior lasting at least 6 mos.

Typically begins at 8 y/o

more in boys pre-pub

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Oppositional Defiant disorder

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mutism, enuresis and encopresis, eating and sleeping problems

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ODD severe cases

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acceptance for own responsibility

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ODD intervention

Front 20

multiple motor tics & one or more vocal tics which occur 1+/day for 1 yr or more w/ no tic-free periods lasting more than 3 months.

Onset before 18 y/o, dysfunction of basal ganglia
Abnormal dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, norepi

Most common in boys, dx by 7 y/o, lifelong or resolved by early adulthood

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Tourettes syndrome

Front 21

Anxiety concerning seperation from home or person, overattachment to mother, close-knit family, overprotective parents, transfer of fears/anxiety from parents to child, onset as early as preschool, Dx: when symptoms last 4+ weeks

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Seperations Anxiety

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Dx: must be 2 wks or longer w/ sx

Abnormal norepi and serotonin, risk for depression ^ if family member affected

Depression < common in prepub, but more common in boys

During adolescense, more common in girls

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Major Depressive Disorder

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anxiety sx, somatic complaints, temper tantrums, non-compliant behavior, delusions, auditory hallucinations

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Major Depressive Disorder -
Early Childhood

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sleep/appetite disturbed, more verbal about feelings

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Major Depressive Disorder - Middle/late childhood

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sleep disturbances, verbal expression of mood, appetitie disturbance, SI, poor self-care

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Major Depressive Disorder -
Adolescence

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Anxiety concerning seperation from home or person, overattachment to mother, close-knit family, overprotective parents, transfer of fears/anxiety from parents to child, onset as early as preschool, Dx: when symptoms last 4+ weeks

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Seperations Anxiety

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Dx: must be 2 wks or longer w/ sx

Abnormal norepi and serotonin, risk for depression ^ if family member affected

Depression < common in prepub, but more common in boys

During adolescense, more common in girls

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Major Depressive Disorder

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anxiety sx, somatic complaints, temper tantrums, non-compliant behavior, delusions, auditory hallucinations

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Major Depressive Disorder -
Early Childhood

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sleep/appetite disturbed, more verbal about feelings

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Major Depressive Disorder - Middle/late childhood

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sleep disturbances, verbal expression of mood, appetitie disturbance, SI, poor self-care

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Major Depressive Disorder -
Adolescence

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intentionally or voluntarily taking one's life, 2nd leading cause of death in college, 3rd leading in ages 15-24, 6th leading in < 15 y/o

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Suicide Epidemiology