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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Suicide is the ________ leading cause of death in ages 15-24
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third
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____________ __________ has comorbidity with ODD, CD, anxiety, and ADHD
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Childhood depression
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Identify: Child raised by parent with depression
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Risk Factors for Mental Illness
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What is the most prevlaent form of child abuse in the US?
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NEGLECT
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All instances of child abuse are __________ to be reported by nurses.
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REQUIRED
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Attention deficit problems have an ________ percentage heritability.
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80
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Genetic factors are implicated in _________, __________, _______, ____________, and ___________ (5)
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autism, bipolar, schizophrenia, AD disorders, mental retardation
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Depression causes a decrease in which 2 neurotransmitters?
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Norepi & Serotonin
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Which neurotransmitter is affected in a child with ADHD?
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Dopamine
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The process of dendrite and axon branches of neruons removing old connections and establishing new ones is called _____________.
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PRUNING
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Changes in _______ areas of the brain during teens are reflected in emotional/behavioral fluctuations.
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frontal
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____________ & ____________ the brain is pre-programmed for pruning.
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Adolescence and early adulthood
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The style of behavior used by a child to cope with the demands and expectations of the environment.
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TEMPERAMENT
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Temperament is __________ determined and modifiied by _____________ relationship.
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genetically; parent-infant
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__________ __________ temperament occurs when the caregiver does not respond positively to the child
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Difficult child
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The relationship between a child's temperament and enviornmental factors is known as _______________.
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Resiliency
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1. Adapts to enviornmental change.
2. Forms nurturing relationships 3. Able to distance self from emotional chaos 4. Good social intelligence (development of empathy with others) 5. Uses problem-solving skills |
Criteria for a resilient child
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Resilience can be a "____________ __________" of family stability even when poverty and adversity occurs.
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cushioning effect
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Identify and foster qualities to assist at-risk children
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Responsibilities of RN
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What is a cultural and ethnic risk to children?
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Lack of cultural role models for minority children
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In assessing a child: what category would chief complaint, and development and duration of problems be categorized as?
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Hx of Present Illness
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In assessing a child: what category would developmental milestones, attachment behaviors, types of play and social skills and friendships be found under?
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Developmental Hx
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In assessing a child: what category would psychomotor skills, language skills, cognitive skills, academic achievement and energy level and motivation be found under?
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Developmental Assessment
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In assessing a child: what category would cerebral functions, cerebellar functions, sensory functions and reflexes be found under?
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Neurological Assessment
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In assessing a child: what category would review of body systems, medications (past & current), allergies, and any operations be found under?
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Medical Hx
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In assessing a child: what category would illnesses in related family members, background of family members, and family relationship be classified under?
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Family Hx
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In assessing a child: what category would activity level, affect, speech, gait, thought processes, and characteristics of play be classified under?
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Mental Status Assessment
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Severe, pervasive impairment in social interaction and social skills, behavior, interests and activities is classified as ______ _____ ___________ (PDD)
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Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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What 3 main diagnosis are classified as PDDs?
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1. Autistic d/o
2. Asperger's d/o 3. Rett's d/o |
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The prevelance of autism is ______.
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HIGH
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Autistic children have problems with their _______ brain hemisphere that deals with language, logic & reasoning.
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LEFT
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Failure in social responsiveness seen in an infant with __________.
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AUTISM
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______ & ____-_________ activites enhanced in children with autisum.
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Music & visual-spatial
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20% of autistic children have an __________ in brain size.
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INCREASE
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DSM-IV criteria symptoms for Autism (3)
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1. Impairment in communication
2. Impairment in social interactions 3. Marked restricted, stereotypical patterns of behavior, interests & activities |
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Impaired communication, language delay or absent, repetitive words or odd sounds, lack of imaginative play, INDIFFERENCE TO AFFECTION, FAILURE TO BE COMFORTED, rigid adherence to routines and rituals
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S/Sx of Autism
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Has a later onset than autism & no significant delay in language or cognition
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Asperger's d/o
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Problems with empathizing with others, social relationships are difficult, repetitive behaviors, and has an average or above average intellect.
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Asperger's d/o
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Which d/o is more prevelant in males, Autism or Asperger's?
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Asperger's d/o
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3 Major Components of ADHD
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1. Inattention
2. Impulsivity 3. Hyperactivity |
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What is the basic concept for ADHD medications?
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To balance dopamine levels which may help supress impulses.
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In what d/o is nocturnal enuresis common?
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ADHD
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What distinguishes Oppositional Defiant Disorder from Conduct Disorder?
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In ODD, there is no serious violations of the rights of others, where in CD, the rights of other or rules of society are broken.
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What are 2 predisposing factors for Conduct Disorder?
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1. ADHD 2. ODD
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Type of therapy using children's literature to help them express feeling and gain insight, as well as cope with difficulties.
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Bibliotherapy
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Type of therapy where there is a reward for desired behavior to reduce maladaptive behaviors (operant conditioning)
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Behavioral Therapy
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This type of therapy uses an evidence-based tx approach; replace negative and self-defeating thoughts with realism and accurate appraisals to improve function.
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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This therapy is used to treat OCD, depression, and aversion to school.
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Cognitive-Behavioral Thearpy
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Drugs used to treat PDDs
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Antipsychotics-Risperidone (Risperdal), Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
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Drugs used to treat Autistic d/o
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1. Antipsychotics-Haloperidol (Haldol)
2. Propanolol (Inderal) 3. SSRI-Clomopramine (Anafranil) |
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Meds used to treat ADHD
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Stimulants-Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Antidepressants-Bupropion (Wellbutrin), Fluoxetine (Prozac) Alpha-adrenergic agonists-Clonidine (Catapres) |
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Meds used to treat Conduct d/o
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Antipsychotics-Risperidone (Risperdal)
Stimulants-Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Antidepressants-Bupropion(Wellbutrin) Mood stabilizers-Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Alpha-adrenergic agonists-Clonidine (Catapres) |
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Meds used to treat Anxiety d/o
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SSRIs-Citalopram (Celexa)
TCAs-Imipramine (Tofranil) Atypical anxiolytics-Buspirone (BuSpar) Atypical antipsychotics-Riseridone (Risperdal) |
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Meds used to treat Depressive SYMPTOMS
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SSRIs-Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Atypical antidepressants-Nefazodone (Serzone) Antipsychotics-Quetiapine (Seroquel), Risperidone (Risperdal) |
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Nursing Dx: A lack of responsiveness or interest in others, empathy or sharing
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Impaired social interaction; Risk for impaired attachment
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Nursing Dx: Severe behavior problems creating stress on family members
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Caregiver role strain; Interrupted family processes; Chronic sorrow; Spiritual distress
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Nursing Dx: Lack of cooperation or impaginative play with peers
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Activity intolerance; Situational low self-esteen
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Nursing Dx: Disruptive, hostile behavior leading to difficult with making or keeping friends.
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Activity intolerance; Situational low self-esteen
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Nursing Dx: Language delay or absence, stereotyped or repetivite use of language
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Impaired verbal communication
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Nursing Dx: Inability to feed, bathe, dress, or toilet self at age-appropriate level
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Delayed growth and development
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Nursing Dx: Heda banging, face slapping, hand biting
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Risk for trauma
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Nursing Dx: Catastrophic reactions
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Risk for other-directed violence
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Nursing Dx: Impulsiveness, anger and aggression
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Risk for self-mutilation
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Nursing Dx: Thoughts or verbalizations regarding self harm
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Risk for self-directed violence
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Nursing Dx: Frequent disregard for bodily needs
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Self-care deficit; Risk for situational low self-esteem
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Nursing Dx: Conflict with authority, refusal to comply with requests
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Powerlessness; Readiness for enhanced power
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Nursing Dx: Failure to follow age-appropriate social norms
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Ineffective coping
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Nursing Dx: Blaming of others for problems or for causing his or her actions
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Defensive coping; Imapried individual resilience
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Nursing Dx: Fear of being spearated from parent
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Anxiety; Relocation stress syndrome
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Nursing Dx: Depression
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Stress overload; Spiritual distress
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Nursing Dx: Refusal to attend school
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Ineffective coping; Readiness for enhanced parenting
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Nursing Dx: Inability to concnetrate, withdrawl, difficulty in functioning, feeling down, change in vegetative symptoms
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Risk for suicide
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Nursing Dx: Re-experiences of past trauma (dreams, illusions, flashbacks)
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Post-trauma syndrome; Rape-trauma syndrome
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Fear of objects, people or situations
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Anxiety
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