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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Wyness(2006) |
common-sensethinking sees childhood as a natural and inevitable phase of life that we allgo through. It is seen as a biological state due to the physical and mentalimmaturity of children. |
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Prout |
Sees childhood as associated with modernity. Adults are seen with high degree of rationality, whereas children lack rationality |
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Social Construction |
Childhood can bee seen as a social construction, it is not natural. It is shaped by culture and society. |
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Firth (1963) |
Tikopia island found that children carried out dangerous tasks and they would choose when they were ready to carry out the task rather than adults. |
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Child soldiers |
Congo |
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Child prostitution |
Thailand |
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Pilcher |
Golden age of childhood. |
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Modern western childhood |
Children occupy distinct and separate life's in comparison to children. The main responsibility of adults is too look after children within both the family and education. |
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The west |
Childhood is a distinct life stage up until the age of 18. Pilcher 1995: childhood is separate from adulthood within most countries. |
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Fosters Education Act (1870) |
Compulsory school for children 5-12 |
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What governs childhood? |
FostersEducation Act (1870) 2015– children in education until 18 1964– school leaving age raised to 16 Buyingalcohol – 18 Filmrestrictions Clothes& toys directed specifically for younger children (are these factorsbecoming blurred?) Freedental treatment for anyone under the age of 18; |
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The golden age of childhood |
Happiness, innocence and unaffected lives, based in the private sphere of the family. |
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Comparative approach |
Seeks to demonstrates the differences between children by looking at both cross cultural and historical differences. |
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Benedict |
Children in non industrial countries are treated much differently. |
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Punch |
Bolivia children expected to work by age of 5 |
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Aries |
childhood did not exists in the middle ages Children were seen as middle adults |
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Aries and IMR |
IMR much higher in middle ages this led parents to neglect children as it was common norm that they would die young. |
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13th Century- Development of the Golden Age |
Religion pushed the idea they are vulnerable creations of God Church first social institution to offer education to the young 17th century- children began to dress differently 18th century- child knowledge, development, education developed which informed society children were not the same as adults |
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Modern attitudes to childhood |
Treated differently according to their chronological age Seen as important and need of protection Strongly Mourned if they died Not required to work Given specialist toys and games Distinctive clothes kept away from exposure to sexuality |
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Pollock |
Childhood did exist in the middle ages but it took on another form |
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March of Progress |
Position of childhood has improved in recent times |
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Lloyd De Maise |
Children were more likely to be killed, abandoned, beaten and abused in previous years in history. |
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Aries and Shorter |
Children are more valued, more time spent, protected (legislations), educated and healthier. |
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Spent on children education 2007/8 |
£64 Billion |
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IMR in 1900 and now |
1900- 154 now- 5 |
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Liverpool and Victoria |
21st birthday £186,000 |
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Conflict |
See march of progress as a myth. |
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Inequalities between children |
Not all children are the same, children cross culturally will experience different forms of inequality. |
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Hillman |
Greater opportunities for males |
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Bonke |
Bedroom culture and domestic chorses |
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Brannen |
Asian parents more stricter towards females. |
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Izzar |
Bhatti Izzat family honour Links to Banaz Mahmod honour killing 2006 |
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Social class inequality |
Health of the new born, material deprivation, poorer education achievement. |
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Woodroffe |
Children of unskilled manual workers are more likely to suffer ADHD |
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Howard |
Greater chance of health implications for those from the w/c |
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Firestone and Holt |
Recent laws and regulations of protection seem positive but demonstrate clear evidence of control |
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Neglect and Abuse- Child Protection register |
2006- 31,400 children |
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Neglect and Abuse- Child line |
20,000 calls a year of physical and sexual abuse |
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Examples of neglect and abuse |
Baby P, Vanessa George, Daniel Pelka |
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Children's space |
Greater surveillance over the play of children. |
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Hillman |
1971- 80% of 8 year olds went to school without supervision 1990- 9% |
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Time |
Adults create the construct of childhood routines. TV- Watersheds Education- Lack of creative freedom |
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Bodies |
Sit, walk, run, dress, appearance, feminine/masculine gender traits, smacking |
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Resources |
Labour laws, child benefits |
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Age Patriarchy |
Adult domination and child dependency, male rule over the household |
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Humphreys and Thiara: |
1/4 of 200 women in their study left their abusing partner because they feared for the children lives.
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Hockey and James |
'acting up' and resistant |
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Postman |
Childhood is disappearing, same clothes, games, rights and crimes. No longer a clear distinction between adults and children DUe to the rise in TV culture and replacement of print culture. |
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Opie |
Childhood is still a distinct life stage, children still maintain their own culture, games, jokes and songs |