Child Language Acquisition

Front 1

What takes place in the Pre Verbal stage?

Back 1

Crying, cooing and babbling

Front 2

What does a child do in the holophrastic stage?

Back 2

Conveys a whole sentence worth of meaning in one word to be interpreted by the caregiver.

Front 3

What ages does the holphrastic stage take place?

Back 3

12-18 months

Front 4

What word class is usually spoke on the holophrastic stage?

Back 4

Concrete nouns.

Front 5

What is less vital in the two word stage?

Back 5

Non-Verbal communication

Front 6

What do children begin to understand in the two word stage?

Back 6

Grammar

Front 7

What age does the two word stage occur in?

Back 7

18-24 months

Front 8

What do children tend to omit but keep in the telegraphic stage?

Back 8

Keep content words but omit grammatical words

Front 9

What can children's speech be likened to in the telegraphic stage?

Back 9

A telegram.

Front 10

What age does the telegraphic stage occur in?

Back 10

24-36 months

Front 11

What can a child's speech be likened to in the Post-Telegraphic stage?

Back 11

An adults

Front 12

What do children include in the post telegraphic stage?

Back 12

More subtle nuances of language like contracted forms, verb inflections and pronoun function.

Front 13

What ages do the post telegraphic stage occur at?

Back 13

36+

Front 14

What year did Skinner propose his theory?

Back 14

1957

Front 15

What did Skinner propose language is a result of?

Back 15

Conditioning rather than a freedom of choice.

Front 16

What did Skinner say that children learnt through?

Back 16

Operant conditioning, spontantous behviour which the consequences of which will effect behaviour.

Front 17

What may a caregiver do to encourage a child according to Skinner?

Back 17

Positive Reinforcement

Front 18

What might a caregiver do to discourage a child according to Skinner?

Back 18

Negative Reinforcement

Front 19

What are some issues with Skinner's theory?

Back 19

Parents are more likely to respond to the truth of a statement rather than grammatical accuracy.

Children do not repeat completely gramatically correct sentences that they hear, suggesting language is built up.

Front 20

Who proposed a theory to challenge Skinner's behaviourist theory?

Back 20

Noam Chomsky

Front 21

What did Chomsky propose that people learn via?

Back 21

The Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Front 22

What did Chomsky's theory go against?

Back 22

The traditional view of the brain being a blank canvas. (TABULA RASA)

Front 23

What did Chomsky propose the brain had the ability to do?

Back 23

A pre-programmed ability to learn language and acquire grammar and syntax.

Front 24

What evidence is there to support Chomsky's LAD?

Back 24

That children globally learn language at a similar rate via universal grammar, the fact that language worldwide have similarities in their grammatical structure.

Front 25

What is a piece of evidence to support the LAD?

Back 25

The idea of virtuous errors, where children make errors which grammatically make sense, but are incorrect, which they are unlikely to have heard from an adult.

Front 26

What is a main piece of evidence common evidence for rejecting the LAD?

Back 26

As it does not take into consideration the role of the caregiver. Evidence suggests that children who lack an exposure to language lack in their language acquisition.

Front 27

What is a key study for rejecting the LAD?

Back 27

The discovery of feral child genie who found that after multiple attempts she could not acquire language. This led to LENNEBURG, devising the critical period.

Front 28

What did Piaget mainly concentrate on?

Back 28

Cognitive Development

Front 29

What did Piaget's stages of cognitive development suggest?

Back 29

That a child must have a conceptual understanding to be present before their language can reflect this.

For example;

Use of comparative adjectives (Small, Smaller and Smallest) requires an understanding of the concept of size.

Front 30

Name Piaget's four stages of cognitive development and the years at which they occur.

Back 30

Sensorimotor (0-2), Pre-Operational (2-6/7), Concrete Operational (6/7-11/12) and Formal Operational (11-16+)

Front 31

What does a child do at the sensorimotor stage?

Back 31

Interact with their environment, remains egocentric and begins to understand object permanence.

Front 32

What occurs at the pre-operational stage?

Back 32

Children struggle to understand the world from other's perspective. They remain egocentric and begin to question & understand.

Front 33

What occurs at the concrete operational stage?

Back 33

Children stop being egocentric and begin to understand the world from other's points of view.

Front 34

What occurs at the formal operational stage?

Back 34

There is no longer a problem with logical thought and thinking becomes increasingly abstract?

Front 35

What did Jerome Bruner propose?

Back 35

The Language Acquisition Support System (LASS)

Front 36

What did the LASS refer to?

Back 36

The caregivers and other important participants in a child's life.

Front 37

What did Skinner propose the LASS does?

Back 37

The ways in which caregivers question, encourage and support the child through scaffolding for children to develop their speech..

Front 38

What did the LASS propose, unlike Skinner?

Back 38

That learning is done though input to facilitate learning rather than through imitation.