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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nature?
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individuals inherited biological predisppostition
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Nurture?
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refers to the influences of the social and cultural enviroment particularly family and community and of of the individuals experience
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Domains of devolopment
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major areas; social emotional cognitive (intellectual) and physical
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continuous devolopment?
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gradual acculumation of small changes (quantitive changes)
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discontinuous devolopment?
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a series of abrupt radical transformations ( qualitive changes)( also developmental changes)
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psychodynamic theories?
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exploring the influence on devolopment and devolopmental stages of universal biological drives and the life experiences of inividuals
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who was the first to develop a psychodynamic theory?
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sigmuend freud
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sigmeud freud?
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early 1900s ;based on survival and propogation of the species ;sex drive.
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id?
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biological drives ;started at birth; selfish wants and desires
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ego?
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early childhood rational component expressed in a manner that is acceptable in the world
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superego
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the conscience ;moral standards and ideals
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erik erikson?
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emphas. social and cultural factors ; devolop. process is continuing quest for identity
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contstructivist theory?
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piagets theory in which cognitive devolopment results from childrens active contstruction of reality based on their experiences in the worl
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jean piaget?
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most infuential ;children construct sucessively higher levels of k ledge by actively striving to master their enviroments.
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schema?
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a mental structure that provides a model for understanding the world
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adaptation?
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learning new things about the world
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assimillation?
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new experiences strengthen their schemas.
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accomodation
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modify old schemas so it can be applied to old and new experiences
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equilbration?
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childs fit between existing schemas an new experiences creating a new balance
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ethology?
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a science that studies the biological and evolutionary foundations of behavior
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ecological system theories
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organization of the multiple enviromental contexts within children devolop
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microsystem
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focuses on the various settings that the child inhibits on a daily basis (home school peers)
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mesosystem
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connection between face to face system
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exosystem
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setting that affect the child but do not include ( parents work place)
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macrosystem
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values customs hazards and resources of the larger culture that shape wht happens in all the settings below. (child protective laws)
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longitudinal design?
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collects info about a group as they grow older
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cross sectional design
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collects information about people of various ages at one time
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culture?
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consists of material and symbolic tools that accumalate through time,are passed on through social processes and provide resources for the devoloping child
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material tools?
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cultural tools including physical objects and observable patterns of behavior such as family routines and social practices
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symbolic tools?
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cultural tools such as abstract knowledge beliefs and values
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imitation?
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social process copying
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explicit instruction
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taught to use symbolic and materials tools of their culture.
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cummalative cultural evolution
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ongoing process of cultural change as a consequence of variation that individuals have produced in cultural tools they use.
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mediation
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organization of activity through the use of tools ( fake guns and barbie dolls)
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babies Movie
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imitation and modeling
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germinal period?
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mom and dads germ cells lasts until the devoloping organism becomes attached to the wall of the uterus about 8 to 10 days later
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embryonic period
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time organism attaches to uterus untl 8th week of pregnancy and organs have tooken shape
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fetal period
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9th week of conception bones harden and continues till birth
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totipotent stem cells
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cells that have potential to grow into complete embryo and ultimately a normal healthy infant
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placenta
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an organ made of tissue from the mother and and fetus that serves as a barrier and filter between their blood streams
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umbillical cord
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a soft tube of blood vessels tht connects organism to placenta
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cepholocaudal pattern
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devolopment from the head down
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proximodistal pattern
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devolo. from the middle of organism to the outside
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teratogens
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enviromental agents that increase risk of deviations in normal devolopment and can lead to abnormalities or death
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when are teratogens like to have a a affect on a fetus?
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first two weeks
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epinogenesis
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the process by which a new form emerges through the interactions of the enviroment
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neurons
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a nerve cell
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synapse
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the tiny gap between the axon and dendrites
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neurotransmitter
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chemical secreted by a cell sending a message that carries a impulse across the synaptic gap to the recieviing cell
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synaptogenesis
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process of a synapse formation
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habituation
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the process in which attention to novelty decreases with repeated exposure
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dishabituation
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the term used to describe the situation in which an infants interest is renewed after a change in the stimulus
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experience expectant
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devpoloment of neural connections under genetic controls that occurs in any normal enviroment.
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experienced depended
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neural connections that is initiated in response to experience
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exubertant synaptogenesis
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a rapid growth in synaptic density that prepares the brain for a vast range of possible experiences
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synaptic pruning
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the process of selective dying off of nonfunctional synapses
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reflex
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a specific well integrated automatic involutary response to a specific type of stimulation
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sensorimotor stage
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piagets term for the stage of infancy during which the infant adapts mainly by sensoryperceptions and simple motor responses
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primary circular reaction
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piaget used to describe the infants tendency to repeat pleasurible bodily actions for their own sake
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temperment
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individuals emotional and behavior chararistics that appear to be consistent across situations and to have some stability over time
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locomotion
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abiltiy to move around on ones own
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secondary circular reactions
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the behavior chararistic of the third stage of Piagets sensorimotor stage in which babies repeat action to produce changes in enviroment
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tertiary circular reactions
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5th stage 12-18 months deliberate variation of actioin sequences to solve problems an explore the worl
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intentionality
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ability to engage in behaviors directed toward achieving a goal
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deferred imitation
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the ability to imitate an action observed in the past
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object permanence
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that objects have substence and exist when out of sight
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locomotion
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abiltiy to move around on ones own
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a not b error
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when the child looks for a when she saw it was hidden in b
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secondary circular reactions
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the behavior chararistic of the third stage of Piagets sensorimotor stage in which babies repeat action to produce changes in enviroment
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tertiary circular reactions
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5th stage 12-18 months deliberate variation of actioin sequences to solve problems an explore the worl
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emotion
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a feeling state physio reactions and cognitive evaluatiin s
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intentionality
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ability to engage in behaviors directed toward achieving a goal
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attachments
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emotional bond with caregivers at 7-9 months
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deferred imitation
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the ability to imitate an action observed in the past
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strange situatin
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mother present left with stranger left alone and reunited
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object permanence
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that objects have substence and exist when out of sight
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a not b error
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when the child looks for a when she saw it was hidden in b
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emotion
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a feeling state physio reactions and cognitive evaluatiin s
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attachments
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emotional bond with caregivers at 7-9 months
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strange situatin
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mother present left with stranger left alone and reunited
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locomotion
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abiltiy to move around on ones own
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secondary circular reactions
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the behavior chararistic of the third stage of Piagets sensorimotor stage in which babies repeat action to produce changes in enviroment
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tertiary circular reactions
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5th stage 12-18 months deliberate variation of actioin sequences to solve problems an explore the worl
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intentionality
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ability to engage in behaviors directed toward achieving a goal
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deferred imitation
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the ability to imitate an action observed in the past
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object permanence
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that objects have substence and exist when out of sight
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a not b error
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when the child looks for a when she saw it was hidden in b
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emotion
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a feeling state physio reactions and cognitive evaluatiin s
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attachments
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emotional bond with caregivers at 7-9 months
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strange situatin
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mother present left with stranger left alone and reunited
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secure attachment
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as long as mother is present children play comfortable upset when mom leaves
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