Child Cp 11

Front 1

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities defines subaverage intellectual functioning as
intelligence test scores that fall about two or more standard deviations below the mean on standardized tests of
intelligence.

Back 1

True

Front 2

According to the DSM-IV classification of mental retardation, about 85 percent of cases of MR fall into the mild level of
retardation.

Back 2

True

Front 3

Scores from intelligence tests such as the Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler tests generally correlate with academic
performance measures in the range of .40 to .75.

Back 3

True

Front 4

The everyday behaviors of people, which are measured by adaptive behavior scales, are unrelated to their intelligence as
measured by general tests of intelligence.

Back 4

False

Front 5

Children with moderate or high levels of retardation are able to learn through operant conditioning but youngsters of
lower levels of retardation lack this ability.

Back 5

False

Front 6

Most cases by far of Down syndrome are caused by the presence of three instead of two copies of chromosome 21.

Back 6

True

Front 7

Detection of PKU has aided in prevention efforts.

Back 7

True

Front 8

Biological or organic risk is more strongly related to severe mental retardation than to mild mental retardation.

Back 8

True

Front 9

The kinds of behavioral problems shown by youth with retardation are notably different than those shown by the general
population of youth.

Back 9

True

Front 10

Family context is an important consideration to assess the well-being of a child with a mental disability

Back 10

True

Front 11

Communication, daily living skills, motor skills, and socialization are areas evaluated by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior
Scales

Back 11

True

Front 12

As a result of IDEA, most young people diagnosed with MR are solely placed into regular education classrooms.

Back 12

False

Front 13

Most present definitions of MR suggest which approximate criterion on tests of general intelligence?
a. one or more standard deviations below the mean
b. two or more standard deviations below the mean
c. a score of about 85
d. a score of about 65

Back 13

b. two or more standard deviations below the mean

Front 14

Which of the following is not a level of retardation set by the DSM-IV on the basis of intelligence test scores?
a. mild retardation
b. profound retardation
c. trainable retardation
d. moderate retardation

Back 14

c. trainable retardation

Front 15

The DSM-IV category of moderate MR is equivalent to which category in the education system?
a. trainable
b. profoundly handicapped
c. educable
d. severely handicapped

Back 15

a. trainable

Front 16

Danny displays mild mental retardation. Thus, Danny
a. has an IQ in the 35-40 to 50-55 range.
b. will probably achieve no more than second grade academic skills.
c. will probably attend a residential school.
d. none of the above

Back 16

d. none of the above

Front 17

Research indicates that the prevalence of MR is
a. no different for boys and girls.
b. no different across socioeconomic groups.
c. higher for school-age youth than for other age groups.
d. consistent across geographic areas in the U.S.

Back 17

c. higher for school-age youth than for other age groups

Front 18

Alfred Binet
a. believed that intelligence was somewhat malleable.
b. focused on the biological causes of mental deficiency.
c. adopted the idea of the intelligence quotient as an indicator of intelligence test performance.
d. argued for the usefulness of eugenics.

Back 18

c. adopted the idea of the intelligence quotient as an indicator of intelligence test performance

Front 19

The term eugenics refers to
a. the origins of individual differences.
b. improvement of a species through control of inheritance
c. the effort to normalize the experiences of youth with MR.
d. the effort to create ideal environments for youth with MR.

Back 19

b. improvement of a species through control of inheritance

Front 20

Who was responsible for construction of the first Stanford-Binet test of intelligence?
a. Binet
b. Simon
c. Stanford
d. Terman

Back 20

a. Binet

Front 21

Nina is an 8-year-old who has an IQ of 75. What is her mental age?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9

Back 21

a. 6

Front 22

With regard to the stability of intelligence test scores over time,
a. stability increases as the time between measurement increases.
b. scores are quite stable for groups of people.
c. stability is smaller for persons with MR than for the ge

Back 22

d. ??

Front 23

Which of the following is false of intelligence tests?
a. The tests are criticized for being culturally biased.
b. Tests scores do not at all predict academic achievement.
c. Tests scores are not strong predictors of out-of-school achievements.
d. Test scores for an individual can be stable over time but also can change over time.

Back 23

b. Tests scores do not at all predict academic achievement

Front 24

What is the relationship between measures of adaptive behavior and intelligence?
a. There is no relationship at all.
b. There is some overlap but adaptive behavior and intelligence are not identical.
c. There is a strong relationship, which implies that these measures tap the same abilities.
d. There is no evidence about this relationship.

Back 24

b. There is some overlap but adaptive behavior and intelligence are not identical

Front 25

In which of the following intellectual functions do retarded persons sometimes show deficits?
a. attention
b. strategy use
c. generalization
d. all of the above

Back 25

d. all of the above

Front 26

Which is false regarding the social and communication problems observed in retardation?
a. Lack of normal amounts and kinds of social interaction may be one cause of these problems.
b. For some youngsters, there is a developmental lag and gradual acquisition of some social skills.
c. Among other difficulties, youngsters show deficits in understanding social situations.
d. Social cognitive skills appear to develop in an unusual way, that is, out of order relative to the order in which they
develop in nonretarded children.

Back 26

d. Social cognitive skills appear to develop in an unusual way, that is, out of order relative to the order in which they develop in nonretarded children

Front 27

The rates of behavioral problems _____ as the level of MR _____.
a. increase; decreases
b. increase; increases
c. are unchanged; increases
d. decrease; increases

Back 27

a. increase; decreases

Front 28

Behavioral disorders in youngsters with retardation
a. may be difficult to identify due to overshadowing.
b. affect 30-40 percent of nonreferred individuals.
c. are similar in variety as those occurring in the general population.
d. all of the above.

Back 28

d. all of the above

Front 29

Research on Down syndrome has established that
a. retardation is usually in the moderate to severe range.
b. the prevalence of cases decreases with maternal age.
c. deficiencies typically have their onset at about five years of age.
d. pragmatic language and social skills are especially deficient.

Back 29

a. retardation is usually in the moderate to severe range

Front 30

Which is false of fragile X syndrome?
a. The condition is inherited in a dominant gene pattern.
b. The range of retardation is wide but mostly of moderate to mild levels.
c. Behavioral problems associated with the syndrome include hyperactivity and social deficits.
d. More males than females are affected.

Back 30

a. The condition is inherited in a dominant gene pattern??

Front 31

Which genetic syndrome is especially associated with striking deficits in visual-spatial skills and fluent language skills?
a. fragile X syndrome
b. Down syndrome
c. polygene syndrome
d. Williams syndrome

Back 31

d. Williams syndrome

Front 32

Research has documented the association of certain genetic syndromes with specific sets of behaviors. Which term has
been applied to this finding?
a. behavioral genotype
b. behavioral phenotype
c. genetic variance
d. genetic mutuality

Back 32

b. behavioral phenotype

Front 33

Which level of MR has been associated with the terms garden variety or undifferentiated retardation?
a. mild
b. moderate
c. severe
d. profound

Back 33

a. mild

Front 34

About what percentage of the variation in intelligence test scores in the general population is due to inheritance?
a. 25
b. 50
c. 65
d. 75

Back 34

b. 50

Front 35

Dr. Jones argues for the developmental hypothesis of mental retardation. Thus, she believes that
a. children with retardation think essentially like nonretarded children except at a lower developmental level.
b. children with retardation display specific mental defects not seen in the development of nonretarded children.
c. mental retardation is characterized by the same level of intelligence across domains of functioning.
d. none of the above

Back 35

a. children with retardation think essentially like nonretarded children except at a lower developmental level

Front 36

Organic-related causes or risks for mental retardation are
a. genetic disorders.
b. low birthweight.
c. infection.
d. malnutrition.
e. all of the above

Back 36

e. all of the above

Front 37

A psychosocial variable that is not associated with risk for mental retardation is
a. family size.
b. parental education.
c. stressful life events.
d. parental social support.

Back 37

a. family size

Front 38

Which is true regarding Prader-Willi syndrome?
a. The intellectual deficits are in the severe range.
b. Hyperphagia is often present.
c. Compulsive behaviors are often evident.
d. All of the above are true.
e. b and c only

Back 38

e. b and c only

Front 39

It is documented that mothers who have a child with retardation tend
a. to talk less than usual to their child.
b. to speak to their child in an especially sophisticated style.
c. to be especially controlling and directive.
d. to be especially abrupt and confrontational

Back 39

a. to talk less than usual to their child??

Front 40

On which intelligence test does the examinee achieve a verbal IQ, a performance IQ, and a full scale IQ?
a. Wechsler
b. Bayley
c. Stanford-Binet
d. Vineland

Back 40

c. Stanford-Binet

Front 41

Which two basic information-processing skills does the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children evaluate?
a. language and motor
b. motor and perceptual
c. perceptual and sequential
d. sequential and simultaneous

Back 41

d. sequential and simultaneous

Front 42

The concept of normalization
a. refers to the belief that the life experience, treatment, and development of persons with handicaps should be as
normal as possible.
b. was first popularized in Scandinavia.
c. now serves as a basis for the care and treatment of persons with mental retardation.
d. all of the above

Back 42

d. all of the above

Front 43

The middle to late 1800s witnessed optimistic views about mental retardation. Which of the following was detrimental to
these attitudes?
a. the rise of psychoanalysis
b. an emphasis on biological causation
c. the misuse of intelligence tests
d. all of the above

Back 43

d. all of the above

Front 44

The rate of institutionalization has
a. steadily increased.
b. steadily decreased.
c. decreased only in the last 5-7 years.
d. stayed about the same over the past 30 years.

Back 44

b. steadily decreased

Front 45

The Abecedarian Project and Project Head Start are examples of
a. direct instruction programs.
b. genetic mapping projects.
c. early intervention programs.
d. job placement programs.

Back 45

c. early intervention programs

Front 46

Behavioral treatment for mental retardation
a. has focused almost exclusively on academic training.
b. has relied most heavily on classical conditioning.
c. has often involved the training of caregivers in various settings.
d. has been unsuccessful in the training of social skills

Back 46

c. has often involved the training of caregivers in various settings

Front 47

With regard to intervention for mental retardation,
a. psychotherapy may be of some benefit to children with mild MR with behavioral problems.
b. medications are used more with institutionalized clients than with those living in the community.
c. medications primarily are used to reduce the intellectual deficits of MR.
d. a and b above
e. all of the above

Back 47

b. medications are used more with institutionalized clients than with those living in the community