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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Koine
Koine means “common”. It is not the Greek of Greek philosophers, but rather considered a special Spiritual language. However, it was merely the common Greek that would be used by the common people by fishermen, and those in the marketplace in the 3rd Century..
Stoicism
Greek philosophical concept that influenced the foundations of the church. Found in Acts 17-18, we see that it is a passionless and emotionless state, where the best of man is self-control. Stoics never express feelings.
Pax Romana
Policy of the Roman Empire around 63BC that called for wide-spread enforced peace. It was what let the Gospel spread across enemy lines.
Pontifex Maximus
this was emperor worship. It called the emperor a god, or high priest. He would be considered the head of religion, which called for every citizen to say, “Caesar is Lord.” It began around the turn of the century, and lasted up until the 3rd century AD
Dispersion
also known as “Diaspora”, was when the Jews were exiled from their holy land, causing Jewish influence to spread all over.
Septuagint
Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, first completed around the 2nd century BC.
Sadducees
Jewish sect who were liberal in thought, that were most known for their disbelief in the resurrection. They also would be what we would know as the politicians of the Jewish era. Most likely the ones responsible for putting Jesus to death.
Herodians
were a public political party in the 1st century A.D., who were political patriots supporting Pilate
Zealots
politically radical in their thought, who tried to overthrow Roman rule in 66AD.
Anno Domini
Latin for "the year of our Lord" and is a dating system started in A.D. 525 by Dionysius.
Jerusalem Conference
1st Council of the Church between A.D. 45-68 . James presided the meeting, which was to answer the question of whether a man needs to become a Jew before becoming a Christian. Consensus: No.
Apostolic Succession
the term was first used in A.D. 175 after some of the heresies were dealt with, and it was decided that the true authority of a church rested in whether or not it could trace a direct line to one of the apostles. Rome being the greatest authority due to its (supposed) connection with Peter.
Nero
Roman Emperor (54-68) Initially was a great Emperor, but went crazy during second half of reign. Accused the Jews and Christians for the burning of Rome because the only districts that weren’t destroyed were highly populated by Jews and Christians. Likely the one who had the Apostle Peter and Paul killed.
Polycarp
Christian bishop who was martyred in 155 under Antonius Pius for refusing to burn incense to the Roman emperor. Did not desire to be saved from death and did not denounce Christ.
Diocletian
Roman Emperor (284-305) Greatest of Christian persecution. Ended the rule of a Senate, and ruled as a dictator. Originally sympathetic towards Christians, but pagan son turned him against them. He required Christians to offer a sacrifice to the pagan Gods, but if they didn’t he would have them killed. It became a sport to kill Christians. Eventually he would retire and grow cabbages because there were more Christians at the end of his reign than at the beginning.
Constantine
Roman Emperor (306-337). First Christian Roman emperor. Reversed persecutions and made Christianity a tolerable religion when he signed the Edict of Milan.
Edict of Milan
Signed by Constantine in the 4th century that issued a stop to all persecution and a tolerance of religious freedom.
Docetism
was a common heresy around 70 AD for about 100 years and maintained that Jesus' physical body was an illusion, as was his crucifixion.
Asceticism
was an influential part of the church practice during the 4th century and was an attempt to dominate the body and its passions by living a very meager life by abstaining from sex, marriage, and all other worldly pleasures.
Dualism
conflict between good and evil. It was a heresy of the Manichaenism that said God and Satan are both uncreated beings, who are battling against each other in this universe. The outcome in this belief was unsure, as to whether good or evil would win.
Canon
result of persecution and of the Marcion heresy. This canon, or collection of holy scriptures, was compiled and made official in 325AD at the council of Nicaea.
Mysticism
comes from a Neoplatonism philosophy that said flesh was bad, and to reach fulfillment, you must purge yourself of this life and flesh. This is contrary to Christianity because of the resurrection of the flesh.
Plotinus
3rd century Greek teacher in Rome who was “improving on Plato”. He founded Neoplatonism, and developed an idea that says man is absorbed in the divine.
Dynamic Monarchianism
A heretical belief that Jesus was the adopted son of God. That he became god from baptism until crucifixion. But this heresy has no answer for the virgin birth, resurrection, or second coming.
Sabellius
modal Monarchianism, that said Christ is another name of God. The Old Testament took the name of Jehovah, and in the New Testament he became the Christ. One God successively revealed Himself to man throughout time as the Father in Creation; the Son in Redemption; and the Spirit in Sanctification and Regeneration.
Patripassionism
The Son identified with the Father. . . the Father himself descended into the virgin, was himself born of her, himself suffered; in fact that he himself was Jesus Christ.” The view that whatever happened to the Son, happened to the Father.
Mortal Sins
Sins that without being confessed and absolved condemn a person's soul to Hell after death.
Cornelius of Rome
Cornelius was the bishop of Rome who said that if you were persecuted and you ran, that you would be allowed back into the church.
Caecilian of Cathage
was bishop of Carthage in the 4th century who was accused by Donatist for being too easy on those who fled in the face of persecution.
Council of Arles
Constantine called this council in 314 to condemn the heresy of Donatism.
Four Values of Church History
Synthesis
Pragmatic Instrument
Guide
Stimulation
Five Pagan Corruptions in the Early Church
Fetishism
Female Deity
Professionalism
Sacramentalism
Sacerdotalism
Five Early Views of Christ and the Trinity
Alogoi
Adoptionism
Modalism
Subordinationism
Trinitarianism