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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indications for 5-Fluorouracil
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Solid tumors:
Colon + rectal, breast, head and neck, cervix |
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What are the toxicities of 5-FU?
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Myelosuppresson; Diarrhea; palmar-plantar erythema (uncommon unless w/ continuous infusion); Mucositis; Hyperpigmentation, Increased sensitivity to the sun; Horrible toxicity in patients with enzyme def. like dihydrofluororeducatse def. (rare)
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Indications for methotrexate
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Osteosarcomas, lymphomas, breast cancer, leptomeningeal disease (can be tolerated in patient's spinal cord)
Rheum: RA and psoriatic arthritis |
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What are the toxicities of methotrexate?
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Mucositis (can be fatal, administer w/ leucovorin to decrease severity); Diarrhea; Arachnoiditis. Accumulates in 3rd space - do not give in ascites or effusion
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What is the mechanism of 5-FU?
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Anti-metabolite. Inhibition of thymidylate synthetase; incorporation of FUTP into RNA and DNA
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What is the mechanism of methotrexate?
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Anti-metabolite; inhibits the folic acid pathway , specifically dihydrofluororeductase-mediated conversion of FH2 to FH4, necessary for generation of purines
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What are the mechanism and indications for gemcitabine?
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Anti-metabolite.
Pancreatic cancer. |
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What is the mechanism of doxorubicin (adriamycin)?
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Topisomerase II inhibitor --> breaks in genomic DNA, intercalates DNA --> blocks DNA synthesis and transcription
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What tumors is doxorubicin used for?
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Breast (best drug), sarcomas, uterine, lymphomas, leukemias.
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What are the toxicities of doxorubicin?
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Hair loss (head only); Nausea & vomiting; Potential cardiotoxicity; Myelosuppression; Mucositis; Radiation recall; Hyperpigmentation; Pigmented secretions (rare). Admin in liposomal form (Doxil) helps decrease toxicity (cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression)
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What is the mechanism of cisplatin?
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Alkylating agent
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What are the indications for cisplatin?
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*Testicular, *lung, sarcoma, head & neck, cervix, bladder, *ovarian (key drug).
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What are the toxicities of cisplatin?
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Poorly-tolerated: Nephrotoxicity (give with mannitol); Neurotoxicity --> peripheral neuropathy; Ototoxicity (high frequency loss at high doses); ***Nausea & vomiting (affects everybody); Severe electrolyte imbalances (hypomagnesia, hypokalemia)
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What is the mechanism of dacarabazine?
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Alkylating agent
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What are the indications of dacarbazine?
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*Melanomas, sarcomas, Hodgkin's disease (rare)
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What are the toxicities of dacarbazine?
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Myelosuppression; Nausea & vomiting
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What is the mechanism of cyclophosphamide?
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Alkylating agent
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What are the indications of cyclophosphamide?
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Breast, lymphomas, lung (now 2nd line), ovary, bladder
Lupus |
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What are the toxicities of cyclophosphamide?
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Hair loss; Myelosuppression; Nausea & vomiting; **Hemorrhagic cystitis (protected w/ admin of mesna)
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What is the mechanism of taxanes?
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Stabilizes microtubules. Inhibits depolymerization, which prevents disassembly and stabilizes the spindles into position
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What are the indications for taxanes?
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Breast, lung, head & neck, ovarian
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What are the toxicities of taxanes?
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*Peripheral neuropathy; *Complete alopecia, Myelosuppression, Peripheral edema; Hypersensitivity reactions. Different side effects depending on how long or short drug infused.
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What is the mechanism of etoposide?
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Topoisomerase II inhibitor --> arrests cell in late S-G2 phase
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What are the indications for etoposide?
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Small cell lung cancer, testicular, lymphoma, AML, Kaposi's, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma
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What is the mechanism of topotecan and irinotecan?
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Inhibition of topoisomerase I --> DNA damage
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What are the toxicities of Topotecan?
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Myelosuppression
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What are the toxicities of irinotecan?
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Diarrhea
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What is the mechanism of vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine)?
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Binds tubulin, inhibiting polymerization --> disrupts mitosis --> cell death
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What are the toxicities of vinca alkaloids?
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Peripheral neuropathy
Myelosuppression (vinblastine only) |
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What are the indications of topotecan?
Irinotecan? |
Topo - ovarian
Irino - colon |
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What are the indications for vinca alkaloids?
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Leukemia, lymphoma, Wilms, neuroblastoma, brain, rhabdomyosarcoma, breast, bladder cancer
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What is the mechanism of hydroxyurea?
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Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase --> impaired DNA synthesis
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What are the indications for hydroxyurea?
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CML, HIV
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What is the mechanism of flutamide?
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Competative antagonist of androgen receptor.
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